{"id":728,"date":"2018-08-23T14:40:31","date_gmt":"2018-08-23T12:40:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/?p=728"},"modified":"2021-02-27T08:21:44","modified_gmt":"2021-02-27T07:21:44","slug":"imisni-limity-co-znamenaji-a-jak-je-interpretovat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/2018\/08\/23\/imisni-limity-co-znamenaji-a-jak-je-interpretovat\/","title":{"rendered":"Imisn\u00ed limity – co znamenaj\u00ed a jak je interpretovat"},"content":{"rendered":"

V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku si up\u0159esn\u00edme, co jsou imisn\u00ed limity, jak\u00e9 jsou jejich hodnoty a jak je interpretovat.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Doprovodn\u00e1 infografika<\/a><\/p>\n

Imisn\u00ed limit<\/strong> p\u0159edstavuje nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpustnou \u00farove\u0148 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed (pr\u016fm\u011br \u010di maximum) vyj\u00e1d\u0159enou jako hmotnost zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky na jednotku objemu (\u00b5g\/m3<\/sup>, ng\/m3<\/sup> apod.) p\u0159i standardn\u00edm tlaku a teplot\u011b za dan\u00fd \u010dasov\u00fd \u00fasek (1 h, 24 h, rok). Imisn\u00ed limity byly stanoveny za \u00fa\u010delem ochrany lidsk\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f a vegetace. Pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00a0imisn\u00edch limit\u016f nav\u00edc plat\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u010det p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed za \u010dasov\u00fd interval a o p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed imisn\u00edho limitu na dan\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b hovo\u0159\u00edme a\u017e v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee je hodnota dan\u00e9ho imisn\u00edho limitu p\u0159ekro\u010dena v\u00edcekr\u00e1t, ne\u017e \u010din\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed povolen\u00fd po\u010det p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Proces vn\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed jedn\u00e9 \u010di v\u00edce zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed je ozna\u010dov\u00e1n jako emise. <\/strong>Emise jsou do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed vypou\u0161t\u011bny (emitov\u00e1ny) emisn\u00edmi zdroji.<\/p>\n

Imise<\/strong>\u00a0 je dle Z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b ovzdu\u0161\u00ed \u010d. 201\/2012 Sb. definov\u00e1na jako \u00farove\u0148 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a je vyj\u00e1d\u0159ena jako hmotnostn\u00ed koncentrace zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky v\u00a0ovzdu\u0161\u00ed nebo jej\u00ed depozice na zemsk\u00fd povrch za jednotku \u010dasu. Imise je tedy v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m kontaktu s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edjemcem, kter\u00fdm m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u010dlov\u011bk, rostlina, zv\u00ed\u0159e, p\u016fda apod.<\/p>\n

Imis\u00ed<\/strong> se st\u00e1v\u00e1\u00a0emise po p\u0159enosu, rozpt\u00fdlen\u00ed a fyzik\u00e1ln\u011b-chemick\u00fdch reakc\u00edch, do nich\u017e v\u00a0atmosf\u00e9\u0159e vstupuje.<\/p>\n

Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed hodnoty imisn\u00edch limit\u016f<\/strong> nalezneme v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edloze \u010d. 1 k\u00a0z\u00e1konu \u010d. 201\/2012 Sb.. V\u00a0tomto z\u00e1kon\u011b se d\u00e1le do\u010dteme, \u017ee \u201eimisn\u00ed limity jsou z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 pro org\u00e1ny ochrany ovzdu\u0161\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdkonu jejich p\u016fsobnosti podle tohoto z\u00e1kona\u201c a \u017ee \u201ep\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u2026 se nevztahuje na ovzdu\u0161\u00ed ve venkovn\u00edch pracovi\u0161t\u00edch, do nich\u017e nem\u00e1 ve\u0159ejnost voln\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup\u201c.<\/p>\n

Omezen\u00ed se net\u00fdk\u00e1 pouze imis\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 emis\u00ed. Mno\u017estv\u00ed emis\u00ed<\/strong> zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek je limitov\u00e1no emisn\u00edmi limity a stropy, kter\u00e9 nalezneme ve vyhl\u00e1\u0161ce M\u017dP \u010d. 415\/2012 Sb. (novelizov\u00e1na vyhl\u00e1\u0161kou \u010d. 452\/2017 Sb.).<\/p>\n

V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee dojde k\u00a0p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed imisn\u00edho limitu<\/strong>, mus\u00ed Ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed ve spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdm krajsk\u00fdm nebo obecn\u00edm \u00fa\u0159adem pro danou z\u00f3nu nebo aglomeraci vypracovat Program zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed (PZKO)<\/strong> (nevztahuje se na imisn\u00ed limity pro p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00ed (troposf\u00e9rick\u00fd) ozon).<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b hodnoty samotn\u00e9ho imisn\u00edho limitu existuje je\u0161t\u011b tzv. doln\u00ed\u00a0 mez pro posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> (Lower Assessment Threshold, LAT)<\/strong>a horn\u00ed mez pro posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed (Upper Assessment Threshold, UAT)<\/strong>. Ob\u011b tyto hodnoty jsou ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e imisn\u00ed limit a jsou definov\u00e1ny jako procento imisn\u00edho limitu pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tku. Laicky \u0159e\u010deno slou\u017e\u00ed tyto dv\u011b hodnoty k\u00a0vyhodnocen\u00ed, na kolik je t\u0159eba danou lokalitu sledovat. Pokud je v\u00a0dan\u00e9 lokalit\u011b p\u0159ekro\u010dena UAT ur\u010dit\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky, je m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0t\u00e9to oblasti povinn\u00e9. Pokud le\u017e\u00ed hodnota nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed mezi LAT a UAT, je m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed rovn\u011b\u017e povinn\u00e9, ale je mo\u017en\u00e9 ho prov\u00e1d\u011bt v\u00a0del\u0161\u00edch intervalech a z \u010d\u00e1sti nahrazovat modelov\u00e1n\u00edm. Pokud je hodnota nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pod LAT, sta\u010d\u00ed v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b aglomerac\u00ed jedna m\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed stanice v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b oblast\u00ed mimo aglomerace je mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00a0dan\u00e9 lokalit\u011b vych\u00e1zet pouze z\u00a0modelov\u00fdch hodnot, objektivn\u00edch odhad\u016f a indikativn\u00edch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Imisn\u00ed limity pro ochranu zdrav\u00ed a jejich maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00fd po\u010det p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tka<\/td>\nDoba
\npr\u016fm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>\n		Mez pro posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed
\n[\u00b5g.m-3<\/sup>]<\/td>\n		Imisn\u00ed limit
\n[\u00b5g.m-3<\/sup>]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LAT<\/td>\nUAT<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SO2<\/sub><\/td>\n1 hodina<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n350
\nmax. 24x za rok<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24 hodin<\/td>\n50
\nmax. 3x za rok<\/td>\n		75
\nmax. 3x za rok<\/td>\n		125
\nmax. 3x za rok<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NO2<\/sub><\/td>\n1 hodina<\/td>\n100
\nmax. 18x za rok<\/td>\n		140
\nmax. 18x za rok<\/td>\n		200
\nmax. 18x za rok<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00ed rok<\/td>\n26<\/td>\n32<\/td>\n40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PM10<\/sub><\/td>\n24 hodin<\/td>\n25
\nmax. 35x za rok<\/td>\n		35
\nmax. 35x za rok<\/td>\n		50
\nmax. 35x za rok<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00ed rok<\/td>\n20<\/td>\n28<\/td>\n40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PM2,5<\/sub><\/td>\nkalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00ed rok<\/td>\n12<\/td>\n17<\/td>\n25*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pb<\/td>\nkalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00ed rok<\/td>\n0,25<\/td>\n0,35<\/td>\n0,5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CO<\/td>\nmaxim\u00e1ln\u00ed denn\u00ed 8hod. klouzav\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br*<\/td>\n5 000<\/td>\n7 000<\/td>\n10 000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Benzen<\/td>\nkalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00ed rok<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n3,5<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n