{"id":650,"date":"2018-08-08T19:16:54","date_gmt":"2018-08-08T17:16:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/?p=650"},"modified":"2018-10-06T10:38:19","modified_gmt":"2018-10-06T08:38:19","slug":"extremni-horka-v-tomto-roce-nesuzuji-jen-ceskou-republiku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/2018\/08\/08\/extremni-horka-v-tomto-roce-nesuzuji-jen-ceskou-republiku\/","title":{"rendered":"Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed horka v tomto roce nesu\u017euj\u00ed jen \u010ceskou republiku"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00a0cel\u00e9 \u010cesk\u00e9 republice si moment\u00e1ln\u011b \u201eu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me\u201c velmi hork\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed, na n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u00edstech u\u017e chyb\u011blo k\u00a0poko\u0159en\u00ed absolutn\u00edho rekordu pro nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teplotu nam\u011b\u0159enou v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice jen m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 2,5\u00b0C (pro p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed, absolutn\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teplota nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice m\u00e1 hodnotu 40,4 \u00b0C a byla nam\u011b\u0159ena v\u00a0Dob\u0159ichovic\u00edch (Praha-z\u00e1pad) 20. srpna 2012).<\/p>\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 republika, pota\u017emo st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropa, ale nen\u00ed jedinou oblast\u00ed, kterou moment\u00e1ln\u011b su\u017euj\u00ed vlny veder. S\u00a0extr\u00e9mn\u011b vysok\u00fdmi teplotami se nap\u0159\u00edklad moment\u00e1ln\u011b pot\u00fdk\u00e1 Pyrenejsk\u00fd poloostrov<\/strong>. Ve \u0160pan\u011blsku i Portugalsku maj\u00ed extr\u00e9my pro absolutn\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teplotu hodnotu p\u0159es 47 \u00b0C. Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch model\u016f by se tam ale v\u00a0t\u011bchto dnech mohla teplota vy\u0161plhat<\/a> a\u017e na hranici 50 \u00b0C, co\u017e by byl i evropsk\u00fd rekord.<\/p>\n

Pou\u017eijte t\u00e1hlo uprost\u0159ed a p\u0159etahujte pro n\u00e1zornou zm\u011bnu na sn\u00edmku<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\n\"\"<\/div>\n

Obr\u00e1zek ze satelitu Sentinel-2 od Evropsk\u00e9 vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 agentury, ukazuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 sucho tento rok – srovn\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dervence 2017 a 2018 (na obr\u00e1zku \u010d\u00e1st D\u00e1nska).<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Obecn\u011b byl ji\u017e tento rok na \u0159ad\u011b m\u00edst rekordn\u00ed. Jmenovat m\u016f\u017eeme nap\u0159\u00edklad extr\u00e9mn\u00ed horka v\u00a0polovin\u011b \u010dervence <\/a>ve Skandin\u00e1vii<\/strong>, kde na n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u00edstech byly teploty o v\u00edce ne\u017e 10 \u00b0C vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e je pro danou oblast v\u00a0danou dobu norm\u00e1ln\u00ed. Dokonce i v\u00a0oblasti za pol\u00e1rn\u00edm kruhem p\u0159ekro\u010dily teploty na n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u00edstech 31\u00b0C (17.7.2018, 31,6\u00b0C). Absolutn\u00ed rekord padl tak\u00e9 v\u00a0Trondheimu (32,4 \u00b0C), extr\u00e9mn\u00ed horko postihlo nap\u0159\u00edklad i Helsinky nebo Turku (33,3 \u00b0C). Ve \u0160v\u00e9dsk\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b Uppsala nam\u011b\u0159ili 34,4 \u00b0C, nejv\u00edce od roku 1975.<\/p>\n

\"Skandin\u00e1vie<\/a>
Anom\u00e1lie teploty vzduchu (ve \u00b0F, pro velmi hrub\u00fd p\u0159epo\u010det na \u00b0C vyd\u011blte dv\u011bma) 17. \u010dervence 2018. Zdroj: WeatherBell.com.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
V\u00fdstup modelu GFS pro severn\u00ed hemisf\u00e9ru 2. srpna 2018, zobrazuj\u00edc\u00ed odchylku teploty vzduchu od pr\u016fm\u011bru 1979-2000. Na map\u011b doslova z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed oblast Portugalska a \u010d\u00e1sti \u0160pan\u011blska. Teple zbarven\u00e1 je v\u0161ak i \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky. Naopak podpr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch je pouze velmi m\u00e1lo lokalit. Zdroj: climatereanalyzer.org, University of Maine.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Jak jsme ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve psali zde na blogu, v\u00a0omansk\u00e9m<\/strong> Quriyat byla 28. \u010dervna nam\u011b\u0159ena v\u016fbec nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed 24h teplota na sv\u011bt\u011b \u2013 v\u00a0noci tam teplota neklesla pod 42,6 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n

Za\u010d\u00e1tkem \u010dervence pak byla nam\u011b\u0159ena mo\u017en\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed kdy pozorovan\u00e1 teplota na africk\u00e9m kontinentu. V al\u017e\u00edrsk\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b Ouargla bylo nam\u011b\u0159eno rekordn\u00edch 51 \u00b0C \u2013 rekord zat\u00edm nen\u00ed ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed, experti ze Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace (WMO) budou zkoumat teplom\u011br a podm\u00ednky, v\u00a0jak\u00fdch byla teplot nam\u011b\u0159ena. Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed africk\u00fd rekord m\u00e1 tedy st\u00e1le hodnotu 50,3 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n

Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed horko panovalo letos i v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch v\u00fdchodoasijsk\u00fdch<\/strong> zem\u00edch. V\u00a0Ji\u017en\u00ed Korey padl absolutn\u00ed rekord, nov\u00e9 absolutn\u00ed maximum je tedy 40,3 \u00b0C (z\u00e1znamy jsou v\u00a0Korey vedeny od roku 1907). V\u00a0Soulu se teplota vy\u0161plhala na 38,8 \u00b0C (do t\u00e9 doby maximum 38,4 \u00b0C).<\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1v\u011br se ale pod\u00edvejme na ten v\u016fbec nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed extr\u00e9m \u2013 je j\u00edm nejteplej\u0161\u00ed oblast na cel\u00e9 zem\u011bkouli, proslul\u00e9 kalifornsk\u00e9 \u00dadol\u00ed smrti (Death Valley)<\/strong>. P\u0159ipome\u0148me, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b zde byla zaznamen\u00e1na v\u016fbec nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed kdy nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 teplota na zemi \u2013 56,7 \u00b0C, 10. \u010dervence 1913 (tato hodnota je n\u011bkter\u00fdmi zpochyb\u0148ov\u00e1na, teploty v\u00a0\u00dadol\u00ed smrti ale n\u011bkdy p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed 54 \u00b0C).\u00a0 V\u00a0l\u00e9t\u011b 2001 tu teplota p\u0159ekro\u010dila 38 \u00b0C 154 dn\u00ed po sob\u011b, v\u00a0l\u00e9t\u011b 1996 bylo pozorov\u00e1no 40 dn\u00ed s\u00a0teplotou nad 49 \u00b0C. O \u00dadol\u00ed smrti se ale v\u00a0tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku bav\u00edme, proto\u017ee zde rovn\u011b\u017e byl poko\u0159en rekord \u2013 konkr\u00e9tn\u011b zde byl letos v\u016fbec nejteplej\u0161\u00ed \u010dervenec v\u00a0historii. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 to byl v\u016fbec nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br, kdy nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd v\u00a0t\u00e9to extr\u00e9mn\u00ed lokalit\u011b. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 teplota v\u00a0\u010dervenci 2018 byla v\u00a0\u00dadol\u00ed smrti t\u011b\u017eko p\u0159edstaviteln\u00fdch 42,3 \u00b0C a ve dva nejchladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dny bylo nam\u011b\u0159eno maximum \u201epouh\u00fdch\u201c 45 \u00b0C. 21 z 31 dn\u00ed pak m\u011blo denn\u00ed maximum nad nebo rovn\u00e9 49 \u00b0C. Ve \u010dty\u0159ech po sob\u011b jdouc\u00edch dnech tu bylo denn\u00ed maximum t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 53 \u00b0C. Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed horko ale nebylo jen p\u0159es den, zdej\u0161\u00ed \u201etropick\u00e9 noci\u201c se rovnaly nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm denn\u00edm teplot\u00e1m, se kter\u00fdmi se aktu\u00e1ln\u011b v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice setk\u00e1v\u00e1me. Deset dn\u00ed v\u00a0\u010dervenci m\u011blo no\u010dn\u00ed minimum nad 37,5 \u00b0C. \u010dty\u0159i noci dokonce nad 39 \u00b0C. Nelze ani \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee by V\u00e1s alespo\u0148 ob\u010das zchladila n\u011bjak\u00e1 ta letn\u00ed bou\u0159ka \u2013 za cel\u00fd \u010dervenec zde \u201enapr\u0161elo\u201c n\u011bco m\u00e1lo p\u0159es 1 mm sr\u00e1\u017eek (co\u017e v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b odpov\u00edd\u00e1 dlouhodob\u00e9mu norm\u00e1lu pro zdej\u0161\u00ed oblast a tuto ro\u010dn\u00ed dobu). \u00dapln\u011b nejtepleji bylo 25. \u010dervence, pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 teplota ten den dos\u00e1hla 45,8 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 teplota:<\/strong><\/td>\n42,3 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dlouhodob\u00fd \u010dervencov\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br:<\/strong><\/td>\n39,0 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Absolutn\u00ed denn\u00ed maximum:<\/strong><\/td>\n52,8 \u00b0C (24. a\u017e 27.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Absolutn\u00ed denn\u00ed minimum:<\/strong><\/td>\n27,8 \u00b0C (6.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed denn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br:<\/strong><\/td>\n45,8 \u00b0C (25.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed denn\u00ed minimum:<\/strong><\/td>\n39,4 \u00b0C (9., 18., 30. a 31.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed denn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br:<\/strong><\/td>\n37,8 \u00b0C (13.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 denn\u00ed maximum:<\/strong><\/td>\n49,2 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 denn\u00ed minimum:<\/strong><\/td>\n35,4 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sr\u00e1\u017eky:<\/strong><\/td>\n1,3 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sr\u00e1\u017eky (dlouhodob\u00fd \u010dervencov\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br)<\/strong><\/td>\n1,8 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Pro \u010cechy je jen t\u011b\u017eko p\u0159edstaviteln\u00e9, \u017ee by teplota byla je\u0161t\u011b o t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 20 stup\u0148\u016f Celsia vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e jsou teploty, kter\u00e9 moment\u00e1ln\u011b v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me. Jedn\u00e1 se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b o obrovskou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e pro lidsk\u00fd organismus. Lidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo m\u00e1 jen velmi omezen\u00e9 mo\u017enosti, jak se ochlazovat. Se situac\u00ed, kdy je venkovn\u00ed teplota vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e je teplota lidsk\u00e9ho organismu (36 a\u017e 37 \u00b0C), se v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice setk\u00e1v\u00e1me naprosto v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b, nav\u00edc se jedn\u00e1 v\u017edy pouze o periodu maxim\u00e1ln\u011b n\u011bkolika hodin a ve\u010der se za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ochlazovat. Mechanismy ochlazov\u00e1n\u00ed organizmu spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u00a0pocen\u00ed a v\u00a0men\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e zrychlen\u00fdm d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00edm a zrychlen\u00fdm tepem. Z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e stoup\u00e1 se zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se teplotou a se vzr\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed relativn\u00ed vlhkost\u00ed vzduchu. Ve chv\u00edli kdy u\u017e se t\u011blo nedok\u00e1\u017ee ochlazovat, m\u016f\u017eou se objevovat k\u0159e\u010de, vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010di \u00fapal. Takov\u00fdto stav m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit a\u017e trval\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f \u010di dokonce smrt.<\/p>\n

WMO stanovila optim\u00e1ln\u00ed teplotu okol\u00ed pro lidsk\u00fd organizmus v\u00a0rozmez\u00ed od 18 do 24\u00b0C. Jak\u00e1koliv vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teplota tedy p\u0159edstavuje ur\u010dit\u00e9 riziko<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 se zvy\u0161uje s\u00a0nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed teplotou. V\u00fdzkumy uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee opravdu nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 jsou teploty nad 35 \u00b0C spojen\u00e9 s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed relativn\u00ed vlhkost\u00ed. Teploty nad 40 \u00b0C jsou nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 nez\u00e1visle na relativn\u00ed vlhkosti vzduchu. Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed dopady na lidsk\u00fd organizmus jsou zna\u010dn\u011b individu\u00e1ln\u00ed. Lidsk\u00fd organizmus se dok\u00e1\u017ee do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry adaptovat, proto lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou pravideln\u011b vystaveni takto vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m, sn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed tyto l\u00e9pe. Stejn\u011b tak existuj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 skupiny osob, kter\u00e9 jsou k\u00a0t\u011bmto teplotn\u00edm v\u00fdkyv\u016fm a extr\u00e9m\u016fm n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u2013 pat\u0159\u00ed sem zejm\u00e9na star\u0161\u00ed osoby, d\u011bti, t\u011bhotn\u00e9 \u010di osoby s\u00a0kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edmi \u010di respira\u010dn\u00edmi obt\u00ed\u017eemi. Velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je p\u0159ij\u00edmat dostatek tekutin, vyh\u00fdbat se n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 fyzick\u00e9 aktivit\u011b pod \u0161ir\u00fdm nebem a nosit voln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ide\u00e1ln\u011b sv\u011btl\u00fd od\u011bv.<\/p>\n

Pokud jsou teploty opravdu extr\u00e9mn\u00ed je v\u0161ak nutn\u00e9 vyhled\u00e1vat klimatizovan\u00e9 \u010di p\u0159irozen\u011b chladn\u00e9 prostory. Zejm\u00e9na pokud ani v\u00a0noci teploty neklesaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzko.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00a0cel\u00e9 \u010cesk\u00e9 republice si moment\u00e1ln\u011b \u201eu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me\u201c velmi hork\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed, na n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u00edstech u\u017e chyb\u011blo k\u00a0poko\u0159en\u00ed absolutn\u00edho rekordu pro nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teplotu nam\u011b\u0159enou v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice jen m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 2,5\u00b0C (pro p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed, absolutn\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teplota nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice m\u00e1 hodnotu 40,4 \u00b0C a byla nam\u011b\u0159ena v\u00a0Dob\u0159ichovic\u00edch (Praha-z\u00e1pad) 20. srpna 2012). \u010cesk\u00e1 republika, pota\u017emo st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropa, ale nen\u00ed jedinou […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":652,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[3],"tags":[62,61,31],"coauthors":[19],"class_list":["post-650","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pocasi","tag-evropa","tag-horka","tag-sucho","entry","has-media"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/northernHemisphereHot2018.png","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pa1A1I-au","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/650","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=650"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/650\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":694,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/650\/revisions\/694"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/652"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=650"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=650"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=650"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=650"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}