{"id":5982,"date":"2023-05-02T07:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-05-02T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/?p=5982"},"modified":"2023-05-06T08:07:44","modified_gmt":"2023-05-06T06:07:44","slug":"energeticka-krize-v-datech-o-kvalite-ovzdusi-poznat-je","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/2023\/05\/02\/energeticka-krize-v-datech-o-kvalite-ovzdusi-poznat-je\/","title":{"rendered":"Energetick\u00e1 krize v datech o kvalit\u011b ovzdu\u0161\u00ed poznat je"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Energetick\u00e1 krize, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b pak skokov\u00e9 zdra\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed elekt\u0159iny a plynu, se projevilo v \u0159ad\u011b oblast\u00ed a nyn\u00ed u\u017e v\u00edme i to, zda a jak se energetick\u00e1 krize projevila v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed cena elekt\u0159iny a plynu vedla u n\u011bkter\u00fdch lid\u00ed ke zm\u011bn\u011b zp\u016fsobu vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco jedni za\u010dali v\u00edce vyu\u017e\u00edvat z environment\u00e1ln\u00edho pohledu vhodn\u00e9 zdroje, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad sol\u00e1rn\u00ed panely nebo tepeln\u00e1 \u010derpadla, jin\u00ed se naopak uch\u00fdlili zp\u011bt ke sv\u00fdm star\u00fdm kotl\u016fm a kamn\u016fm na pevn\u00e1 paliva.<\/p>

Pr\u00e1v\u011b lok\u00e1ln\u00ed vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed ve star\u00fdch kotlech na pevn\u00e1 paliva, je nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zdrojem zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice, a to dlouhodob\u011b. Jedn\u00edm z opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 za c\u00edl toto zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed sni\u017eovat, jsou tzv. kotl\u00edkov\u00e9 dotace, v r\u00e1mci kter\u00fdch mohou lid\u00e9 \u010derpat p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek na nov\u00fd kotel, kter\u00fdm nahrad\u00ed star\u00fd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure>

Faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed emise z vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed<\/a><\/h3>

Velmi v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm faktorem je typ kotle, krom\u011b toho se ale emise odv\u00edj\u00ed i od typu a kvality paliva, kvality \u00fadr\u017eby atd.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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P\u0159esto\u017ee panuje obecn\u00e1 p\u0159edstava, \u017ee nejhor\u0161\u00ed kvalita ovzdu\u0161\u00ed je ve velkom\u011bstech, faktem je, \u017ee nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edra zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed b\u00fdv\u00e1 v chladnou \u010d\u00e1st roku v mal\u00fdch s\u00eddlech. Je to d\u00e1no pr\u00e1v\u011b skute\u010dnost\u00ed, \u017ee je zde v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed, vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00fdch ve star\u00fdch kotlech na pevn\u00e1 paliva (uhl\u00ed, d\u0159evo) ne\u017e ve velk\u00fdch m\u011bstech.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Vliv energetick\u00e9 krize<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u010cesk\u00fd hydrometeorologick\u00fd \u00fastav ji\u017e n\u011bkolik let prov\u00e1d\u00ed monitoring kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd pr\u00e1v\u011b na mal\u00e1 s\u00eddla. Ve vybran\u00fdch obc\u00edch se dlouhodob\u011b sleduje stav a trend v\u00fdvoje kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed v zimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed (listopad a \u00fanor).\u00a0<\/p>

Pro hodnocen\u00ed vlivu energetick\u00e9 krize byla prim\u00e1rn\u011b pou\u017eita pr\u00e1v\u011b data z t\u00e9to m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed kampan\u011b.\u00a0<\/p>

P\u0159i hodnocen\u00ed vlivu lok\u00e1ln\u00edho topen\u00ed se pozornost sm\u011b\u0159uje k l\u00e1tce ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 jako benzo[a<\/em>]pyren (BaP). Ta se do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice dost\u00e1v\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b z vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed a nav\u00edc je to l\u00e1tka, jej\u00ed\u017e imisn\u00ed limit je na \u0159ad\u011b m\u00edst v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice p\u0159ekra\u010dov\u00e1n, a to nav\u00edc i n\u011bkolikan\u00e1sobn\u011b, co\u017e v sou\u010dasnosti ji\u017e u \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jin\u00e9 l\u00e1tky nepozorujeme.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure>

Co je benzo[a]pyren?<\/a><\/h3>

Co je BaP za l\u00e1tku? Co je zdrojem jej\u00edch emis\u00ed? Kde je v \u010cR situace nejhor\u0161\u00ed a jak\u00fd je vliv t\u00e9to l\u00e1tky na zdrav\u00ed?<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Od za\u010d\u00e1tku kampan\u011b zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na mal\u00e1 s\u00eddla, na p\u0159elomu let 2017\/18, byl pozorov\u00e1n klesaj\u00edc\u00ed trend koncentrac\u00ed BaP. V\u016fbec nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed byly hodnoty na p\u0159elomu let 2019\/20. Rok 2020 byl obecn\u011b rokem s historicky nejlep\u0161\u00ed kvalitou ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Podepsaly se na tom jak dlouhodob\u011b klesaj\u00edc\u00ed emise zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek, tak tak\u00e9 velmi p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 a rozptylov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky v tomto roce, zejm\u00e9na pak v \u00fanoru.<\/p>

V dal\u0161\u00edch 2 letech byly koncentrace p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b stagnuj\u00edc\u00ed, odv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry pr\u00e1v\u011b od meteorologick\u00fdch a rozptylov\u00fdch podm\u00ednek.\u00a0<\/p>

V posledn\u00edm hodnocen\u00e9m obdob\u00ed (2022\/23), kter\u00e9 ji\u017e zahrnuje vliv energetick\u00e9 krize, je patrn\u00fd m\u00edrn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst oproti p\u0159edchoz\u00edmu roku, ale zde je nutn\u00e9 zm\u00ednit, \u017ee zima 2021\/22 byla z pohledu rozptylov\u00fdch a meteorologick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Ta v roce 2022\/23 byla v tomto sm\u011bru podobn\u00e1 zim\u011b 2020\/21 a i pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 koncentrace BaP v obou t\u011bchto zim\u00e1ch je obdobn\u00e1.\u00a0<\/p>

Z tohoto pohledu tedy m\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed absolutn\u00edch hodnot koncentrac\u00ed BaP vlivem energetick\u00e9 krize nedo\u0161lo – alespo\u0148 to neukazuj\u00ed data z t\u00e9to konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed kampan\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 koncentrace BaP b\u011bhem m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch etap cel\u00e9 kampan\u011b ve vybran\u00fdch mal\u00fdch s\u00eddlech, 2017\u20132023. Zdroj: \u010cHM\u00da<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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P\u0159esto v\u0161ak ur\u010dit\u00e1 zm\u011bna zaznamen\u00e1na byla. Krom\u011b absolutn\u00edch hodnot m\u016f\u017eeme hodnotit tak\u00e9 pom\u011br BaP\/PM10<\/sub>. Tedy pod\u00edl BaP v \u010d\u00e1stic\u00edch PM10<\/sub>. Ten do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry odfiltruje vliv meteorologick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek a sp\u00ed\u0161e ukazuje, jak\u00e1 je kvalita vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>

Zat\u00edmco na za\u010d\u00e1tku hodnocen\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed byl tento pod\u00edl klesaj\u00edc\u00ed (ukazuj\u00edc\u00ed zlep\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se kvalitu vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed, danou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b v\u00fdm\u011bnami star\u00fdch kotl\u016f), na p\u0159elomu let 2021\/22 u\u017e se tento pom\u011br zv\u00fd\u0161il a posledn\u00ed hodnocenou zimu 2022\/23 u\u017e dos\u00e1hl t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 hodnoty z prvn\u00edho hodnocen\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed 2017\/18.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 hodnoty pom\u011br\u016f koncentrac\u00ed BaP\/PM10 b\u011bhem m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch etap cel\u00e9 kampan\u011b ve vybran\u00fdch mal\u00fdch s\u00eddlech, 2017\u20132023. Zdroj: \u010cHM\u00da<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Data z monitoringu kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed v mal\u00fdch s\u00eddlech uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee p\u0159esto\u017ee nedo\u0161lo ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed absolutn\u00edch hodnot koncentrac\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b pak zejm\u00e9na rakovinotvorn\u00e9ho benzo[a<\/em>]pyrenu, pom\u011br BaP v \u010d\u00e1stic\u00edch uk\u00e1zal na zhor\u0161en\u00ed kvality vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>

D\u00edky tomu, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed mohli naopak p\u0159ej\u00edt na \u010dist\u0161\u00ed zdroje vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee se dlouhodob\u011b sni\u017euj\u00ed emise z \u0159ady r\u016fzn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a \u017ee pod\u00edl dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se uch\u00fdlily zp\u011bt k vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed na pevn\u00e1 paliva, nebyl pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b tak vysok\u00fd, nebylo pozorov\u00e1no v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zhor\u0161en\u00ed kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>

Na z\u00e1v\u011br je v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 t\u0159eba \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee koncentrace BaP a tedy i celkov\u00e1 kvalita ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt velmi lok\u00e1ln\u00ed a li\u0161it se obec od obce. V praxi nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 monitorovat kvalitu ovzdu\u0161\u00ed ve v\u0161ech s\u00eddlech. Je jist\u00e9, \u017ee v n\u011bkter\u00fdch obc\u00edch se vliv energetick\u00e9 krize projevil v\u00edce, v jin\u00fdch naopak v\u016fbec.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Podrobn\u00e1 data najdete v p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9ho hydrometeorologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu z dubna 2023 zde<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Energetick\u00e1 krize, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b pak skokov\u00e9 zdra\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed elekt\u0159iny a plynu, se projevilo v \u0159ad\u011b oblast\u00ed a nyn\u00ed u\u017e v\u00edme i to, zda a jak se energetick\u00e1 krize projevila v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed cena elekt\u0159iny a plynu vedla u n\u011bkter\u00fdch lid\u00ed ke zm\u011bn\u011b zp\u016fsobu vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco jedni za\u010dali v\u00edce vyu\u017e\u00edvat z environment\u00e1ln\u00edho pohledu vhodn\u00e9 zdroje, jako […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5983,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5],"tags":[166],"coauthors":[19],"class_list":["post-5982","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ovzdusi","tag-lokalni-vytapeni-domacnosti","entry","has-media"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/heating.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pa1A1I-1yu","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5982","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5982"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5982\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6043,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5982\/revisions\/6043"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5983"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5982"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5982"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5982"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=5982"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}