{"id":5921,"date":"2023-03-29T09:12:58","date_gmt":"2023-03-29T07:12:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/?p=5921"},"modified":"2023-03-29T09:13:16","modified_gmt":"2023-03-29T07:13:16","slug":"souvislost-mezi-znecistenim-ovzdusi-a-rozvojem-alzheimerovy-choroby","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/2023\/03\/29\/souvislost-mezi-znecistenim-ovzdusi-a-rozvojem-alzheimerovy-choroby\/","title":{"rendered":"Souvislost mezi zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a rozvojem Alzheimerovy choroby"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Podle anal\u00fdzy EEA p\u0159edstavuje zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed v Evrop\u011b i nad\u00e1le zna\u010dn\u00e1 zdravotn\u00ed rizika a zp\u016fsobuje chronick\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e1 \u00famrt\u00ed spojen\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm s kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edmi, respira\u010dn\u00edmi a\u00a0n\u00e1dorov\u00fdmi onemocn\u011bn\u00edmi. V roce 2020 bylo 96 % m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho obyvatelstva EU vystaveno koncentrac\u00edm jemn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic (PM2,5<\/sub>) nad \u00farovn\u00ed sm\u011brnic WHO 5 \u00b5g\/m3<\/sup> vzduchu. Mno\u017e\u00ed se d\u016fkazy o\u00a0tom, \u017ee expozice zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9mu ovzdu\u0161\u00ed by mohla p\u0159isp\u00edvat i ke vzniku Alzheimerovy choroby nebo demence (Evropsk\u00e1 agentura pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, EEA). <\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Napadlo v\u00e1s n\u011bkdy, jak je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee se nap\u0159. mo\u0159sk\u00e9 \u017eelvy vyr\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed na plavby dlouh\u00e9 tis\u00edce kilometr\u016f, aby se nakonec vr\u00e1tily nakl\u00e1st vejce na stejnou pl\u00e1\u017e, kde se samy vyl\u00edhly, cestou neztrat\u00ed? Vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ke sv\u00e9\u00a0orientaci mikroskopick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dky magnetitu Fe3<\/sub>O4<\/sub> (oxidu \u017eeleznato-\u017eelezit\u00e9ho), kter\u00e9 v\u00a0jejich t\u011ble funguj\u00ed jako st\u0159elka kompasu.\u00a0Podobn\u00e9 magnetorecepce vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed i lososi nebo ta\u017en\u00ed pt\u00e1ci. Velice zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee podobn\u00fdmi schopnostmi orientovat se v\u00a0magnetick\u00e9m poli Zem\u011b disponuj\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nap\u0159\u00edklad i kap\u0159i (Hart et al., 2012).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Nab\u00edz\u00ed se tedy ot\u00e1zka, zda se \u010d\u00e1stice magnetitu nevyskytuj\u00ed i v\u00a0lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble. Odpov\u011b\u010f je kladn\u00e1, v\u00a0lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b mozku, se skute\u010dn\u011b nanokrystalky magnetitu nach\u00e1z\u00ed. T\u00fdm kolem docenta Kletetschky se zab\u00fdval mo\u017enou souvislost\u00ed mezi v\u00fdskytem magnetitu v\u00a0lidsk\u00e9m mozku a vznikem neurodegenerativn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (Kletetschka et al., 2021).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee mozky posti\u017een\u00e9 Alzheimerovou poruchou maj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edru tzv. magnetick\u00e9 remanence. V t\u011bchto mozc\u00edch se vyskytovala zrna magnetitu p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed velikost 15 nm. Tyto \u010d\u00e1stice jsou ji\u017e schopn\u00e9 reagovat na v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9\u00a0magnetick\u00e9 pole Zem\u011b<\/a>. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed krystaly mohou dle v\u00fdzkumu pom\u011brn\u011b z\u00e1sadn\u011b ovliv\u0148ovat tok elektrochemick\u00e9ho proudu v\u00a0mozku a t\u00edm naru\u0161ovat mechanismus p\u0159enosu informac\u00ed mezi neurony, a to hlavn\u011b v\u00a0t\u00e9 f\u00e1zi r\u016fstu krystalu, kdy \u010d\u00e1stice emituj\u00ed elektromagnetick\u00e9 pole o frekvenci p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10 Hz. Dle jedn\u00e9 z\u00a0hypot\u00e9z by tedy mohlo pole t\u011bchto \u010d\u00e1stic interferovat s elektromagnetick\u00fdmi d\u011bji na bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch membr\u00e1n\u00e1ch a p\u0159isp\u00edvat tak k \u00fapadku kognitivn\u00edch schopnost\u00ed \u2013 pam\u011bti, my\u0161len\u00ed a pozornosti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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A jak se magnetit do lidsk\u00e9ho t\u011bla dostane? \u017delezo se v\u00a0lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble p\u0159irozen\u011b vyskytuje jako sou\u010d\u00e1st b\u00edlkovinn\u00e9 molekuly\u00a0ferritin<\/a>u. Obsah \u017eeleza v t\u00e9to l\u00e1tce se m\u011bn\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na moment\u00e1ln\u00ed pot\u0159eb\u011b biochemick\u00fdch proces\u016f. V\u00fdzkumy posledn\u00edch let nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee \u017eelezo m\u016f\u017ee za\u010d\u00edt v\u00a0mozkov\u00e9 tk\u00e1ni spont\u00e1nn\u011b biomineralizovat.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Do mozku se ov\u0161em \u010d\u00e1stice magnetitu mohou dostat i ze zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. \u010c\u00e1stice bohat\u00e9 na \u017eelezo poch\u00e1zej\u00ed nap\u0159. ze spalov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 se uvol\u0148uj\u00ed z\u00a0brzdov\u00fdch desti\u010dek jako ot\u011brov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice. \u010c\u00e1stice magnetitu, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 200 nm, mohou vstoupit do mozku p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159es \u010dichov\u00fd bulbus. Tyto \u010d\u00e1stice vedou ke tvorb\u011b voln\u00fdch kysl\u00edkov\u00fdch radik\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou samy o sob\u011b pro mozek destruktivn\u00ed, a nav\u00edc mohou vytv\u00e1\u0159et komplexy s b-amyloidem, kter\u00fd se zv\u00fd\u0161enou m\u011brou hromad\u00ed v mozku lid\u00ed posti\u017een\u00fdch Alzheimerovou chorobou. S vazbou na magnetit nar\u016fst\u00e1 toxicita b-amyloidu pro neurony. Proto je zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 ovzdu\u0161\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1no za potenci\u00e1ln\u011b rizikov\u00fd faktor pro vznik a rozvoj Alzheimerovy choroby (Mahed et al., 2016).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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I kdy\u017e prozat\u00edm z\u00edskan\u00e9 informace nejsou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pozitivn\u00ed, dosavadn\u00ed zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed by dle docenta Kletetschky mohla v\u00e9st k\u00a0v\u00fdvoji terapie Alzheimerovy choroby. Mozky pacient\u016f by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 ovlivnit vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fdm elektromagnetick\u00fdm polem, kter\u00e9 by ovlivnilo oscilace magnetick\u00fdch nano\u010d\u00e1stic v mozku a t\u00edm zamezilo generov\u00e1n\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho \u0161umu, kter\u00fd negativn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje funk\u010dnost nervov\u00fdch synaps\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Literatura<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Zdrav\u00ed a \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u2013 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a hlukov\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 zam\u011b\u0159eno na \u010dinnost EEA \u2014 Evropsk\u00e1 agentura pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed (europa.eu)<\/a><\/p>

Hart, V., Ku\u0161ta, T., N\u011bmec, P., Bl\u00e1hov\u00e1, V., Je\u017eek, M., Nov\u00e1kov\u00e1, P., … & Burda, H. (2012). Magnetic alignment in carps: evidence from the Czech Christmas fish market.\u00a0PloS one,\u00a07(12), e51100. from the Czech Christmas Fish Market. PLoS ONE 7(12): e51100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0051100.<\/p>

Kletetschka, G., Bazala, R., Tak\u00e1\u010d, M.\u00a0et al.\u00a0Magnetic domains oscillation in the brain with neurodegenerative disease.\u00a0Sci Rep\u00a011, 714 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-80212-5<\/a>.<\/p>

Maher, B. A., Ahmed, I. A., Karloukovski, V., MacLaren, D. A., Foulds, P. G., Allsop, D., … & Calderon-Garciduenas, L. (2016). Magnetite pollution nanoparticles in the human brain.\u00a0Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,\u00a0113(39), 10797-10801.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Podle anal\u00fdzy EEA p\u0159edstavuje zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed v Evrop\u011b i nad\u00e1le zna\u010dn\u00e1 zdravotn\u00ed rizika a zp\u016fsobuje chronick\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e1 \u00famrt\u00ed spojen\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm s kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edmi, respira\u010dn\u00edmi a n\u00e1dorov\u00fdmi onemocn\u011bn\u00edmi. V roce 2020 bylo 96 % m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho obyvatelstva EU vystaveno koncentrac\u00edm jemn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic (PM2,5) nad \u00farovn\u00ed sm\u011brnic WHO 5 \u00b5g\/m3 vzduchu. Mno\u017e\u00ed se d\u016fkazy o tom, \u017ee expozice zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9mu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":5926,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5],"tags":[110],"coauthors":[271],"class_list":["post-5921","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ovzdusi","tag-zdravi","entry","has-media"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/nerve-cells-5901770_1920.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pa1A1I-1xv","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5921","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5921"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5921\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5927,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5921\/revisions\/5927"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5926"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5921"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5921"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5921"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=5921"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}