{"id":4343,"date":"2021-01-27T14:03:48","date_gmt":"2021-01-27T13:03:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/?p=4343"},"modified":"2021-01-27T14:16:58","modified_gmt":"2021-01-27T13:16:58","slug":"nejrozsahlejsi-studie-nazoru-lidi-na-klimatickou-zmenu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/2021\/01\/27\/nejrozsahlejsi-studie-nazoru-lidi-na-klimatickou-zmenu\/","title":{"rendered":"Nejrozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed studie n\u00e1zoru lid\u00ed na klimatickou zm\u011bnu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rozvojov\u00fd program OSN (United Nations Development Programme, UNDP) podnikl dosud nejrozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum n\u00e1zoru lid\u00ed na klimatickou zm\u011bnu v historii. Do v\u00fdzkumu se zapojilo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1,2 milionu respondent\u016f z 50 zem\u00ed sv\u011bta<\/em><\/strong>, mezi kter\u00fdmi sice nen\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e1 republika, p\u0159esto se jedn\u00e1 o velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kompletn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkumu najdete v anglick\u00e9 hodnot\u00edc\u00ed zpr\u00e1v\u011b<\/a>. V r\u00e1mci v\u00fdzkumu byly pou\u017eity dotazn\u00edky, mobiln\u00ed aplikace, hry atd., \u010d\u00edm\u017e se poda\u0159ilo z\u00edskat n\u00e1zor velmi velk\u00e9ho po\u010dtu unik\u00e1tn\u00edch a n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch jedinc\u016f r\u016fzn\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed, v\u011bku a vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. Nepl\u00e1novan\u011b se poda\u0159ilo z\u00edskat zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 informace a n\u00e1zory i v kontextu sou\u010dasn\u00e9 glob\u00e1ln\u00ed krize v souvislosti s pandemi\u00ed COVID-19, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edstavovala v\u00fdraznou glob\u00e1ln\u00ed hrozbu.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky byly shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bny a analyzov\u00e1ny experty na univerzit\u011b v anglick\u00e9m Oxfordu. Ti museli mj. data upravit tak, aby p\u0159edstavovala reprezentativn\u00ed vzorek populace v\u00a0dan\u00fdch zem\u00edch. Potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed chyba ve v\u00fdsledc\u00edch je v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru +\/- 2 %.<\/p>\n

Celkov\u011b uk\u00e1zaly v\u00fdsledky na skute\u010dnost, \u017ee 64 % lid\u00ed pova\u017euje zm\u011bnu klimatu za nal\u00e9hav\u00fd probl\u00e9m<\/strong>, kter\u00fd je t\u0159eba \u0159e\u0161it. V\u016fbec nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl zast\u00e1nc\u016f klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny (74 %) byl v\u00a0zem\u00edch SIDS (mal\u00e9 ostrovn\u00ed rozvojov\u00e9 zem\u011b), kter\u00e9 v\u00a0tomto pr\u016fzkumu zastupovaly zem\u011b Belize, Fiji, Trinidad a Tobago. Vysok\u00fd byl tak\u00e9 pod\u00edl ve vysokop\u0159\u00edjmov\u00fdch zem\u00edch (72 %), kam v\u00a0r\u00e1mci v\u00fdzkumu pat\u0159ily zem\u011b jako Austr\u00e1lie, Kanada, Francie, N\u011bmecko, It\u00e1lie, Japonsko, \u0160pan\u011blsko, \u0160v\u00e9dsko, Polsko, Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie \u010di nap\u0159. USA.<\/p>\n

Obecn\u011b pokud se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na regiony, bylo zast\u00e1nc\u016f klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny nejv\u00edce v\u00a0oblastech Severn\u00ed Ameriky a z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropy (72 %), ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evrop\u011b a St\u0159edn\u00ed Asii to bylo kolem 65\u00a0%, Arabsk\u00e9 zem\u011b kolem 64 %, Latinsk\u00e1 Amerika a Karibik 63 %, Asie a Pacifick\u00e1 oblast tak\u00e9 63 % a subsaharsk\u00e1 Afrika 61 %.<\/p>\n

Z lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed pova\u0159uj\u00ed zm\u011bnu klimatu za nal\u00e9hav\u00fd probl\u00e9m, \u0159eklo 59 %, \u017ee by se sna\u017eili pomoci jakoukoliv cestou a co nejd\u0159\u00edve, aby se situace zlep\u0161ila. Naopak 20 % z t\u011bchto zast\u00e1nc\u016f je sp\u00ed\u0161e n\u00e1zoru, \u017ee by se m\u011blo jednat pomaleji a 10 % se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee se v t\u00e9to oblasti ji\u017e podnikaj\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e9 kroky.<\/p>\n

Popularita \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Respondent\u016fm bylo nab\u00eddnuto 18 r\u016fzn\u00fdch politik, kter\u00e9 souvis\u00ed s\u00a0klimatickou zm\u011bnou. Nej\u010dast\u011bji ozna\u010dovali respondenti za d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Ochrana les\u016f, prales\u016f a krajiny (54 %)<\/li>\n
  • Energie ze sol\u00e1rn\u00edch, v\u011btrn\u00fdch a dal\u0161\u00edch obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f (53 %)<\/li>\n
  • Techniky farma\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0souladu s\u00a0ochranou klimatu (52 %)<\/li>\n
  • Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed investice do zelen\u00fdch firem a pracovn\u00edch pozic (50 %)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    V zem\u00edch, kde jsou vysok\u00e9 emise z odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed krajiny, byla v\u011bt\u0161inou velmi vysok\u00e1 podpora ochrany t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f. Stejn\u011b tak byla velmi vysok\u00e1 podpora obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f v zem\u00edch, kter\u00e9 vykazuj\u00ed vysok\u00e9 emise z v\u00fdroby elekt\u0159iny a tepla \u2013 USA (nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed emise, 65 %), N\u011bmecko (71 %), Kanada (73 %), Jihoafrick\u00e1 republika (69 %), Japonsko (68 %), Polsko (57 %) \u010di Rusko (51 %).<\/p>\n

    T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve v\u0161ech zem\u00edch G20 byla vysok\u00e1 podpora pro investice do spole\u010dnost\u00ed a pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst, kter\u00e1 by napomohla \u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9m klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny.<\/p>\n

    9 z\u00a010 zem\u00ed s\u00a0nejv\u00edce urbanizovanou populac\u00ed bylo v\u00fdrazn\u011b pro ekologick\u00e9 formy dopravy. Celkov\u011b pak byla pr\u00e1v\u011b ekologick\u00e1 doprava p\u00e1tou nej\u010dast\u011bji zmi\u0148ovanou politikou.<\/p>\n

    Na sedm\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b, co do podpory lid\u00ed, bylo budov\u00e1n\u00ed infrastruktury, kter\u00e1 bude lidi chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed projevy extr\u00e9mn\u00edho po\u010das\u00ed a syst\u00e9my v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rozd\u00edl v n\u00e1zoru dvou zem\u00ed byl u ot\u00e1zky jak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je udr\u017eovat oce\u00e1ny a vody v dobr\u00e9m stavu. Zde byla podpora ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii 81 %, naopak v Ir\u00e1ku pouze 29 %. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se tedy jasn\u011b projevuje n\u00e1zor ostrovn\u00ed zem\u011b a zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 mo\u0159e nem\u00e1.<\/p>\n

    Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 to, \u017ee vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed podporu m\u011blo sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed potravinami ne\u017e sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed spot\u0159eby energi\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    Obecn\u011b nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed podporu z\u00a018 navrhovan\u00fdch politik m\u011bla dieta zalo\u017een\u00e1 pouze na rostlinn\u00fdch produktech a finan\u010dn\u011b dostupn\u00e9 poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    Sociodemografick\u00e9 faktory<\/h2>\n

    Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sociodemografick\u00fdm faktorem bylo jednozna\u010dn\u011b vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. Obecn\u011b lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee vysok\u00e1 m\u00edra zast\u00e1nc\u016f klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny byla mezi lidmi s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm stupn\u011bm vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a to v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d v\u0161emi hodnocen\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi. Ve Francii to bylo nap\u0159\u00edklad a\u017e 87 %, v\u00a0Japonsku 82 %.<\/p>\n

    Celkov\u011b byl rozd\u00edl v\u00a0n\u00e1zorech mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi pohlav\u00edmi relativn\u011b mal\u00fd (4 %), byly zde v\u0161ak v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0Austr\u00e1lii, Kanad\u011b \u010di USA byla podpora a\u017e o 10 % vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mezi \u017eenami a d\u00edvkami ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0mu\u017ei a chlapci. V\u00a0jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch ale byla situace opa\u010dn\u00e1 \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad ve Vietnamu a Nigerii bylo v\u00edce zast\u00e1nc\u016f mezi mu\u017ei a chlapci.<\/p>\n

    Ve v\u011bkov\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch byl nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl ve skupin\u011b osob mlad\u0161\u00edch 18 let. V\u00edce ne\u017e 80 % takto mlad\u00fdch osob ozna\u010dilo klimatickou zm\u011bnu za nal\u00e9hav\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Ve v\u011bkov\u00e9 skupin\u011b 18-35 to bylo 65 %, 36-59 66 % a u osob star\u0161\u00edch 60 let pouze 58 %.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Rozvojov\u00fd program OSN (United Nations Development Programme, UNDP) podnikl dosud nejrozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum n\u00e1zoru lid\u00ed na klimatickou zm\u011bnu v historii. Do v\u00fdzkumu se zapojilo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1,2 milionu respondent\u016f z 50 zem\u00ed sv\u011bta, mezi kter\u00fdmi sice nen\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e1 republika, p\u0159esto se jedn\u00e1 o velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky. Kompletn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkumu najdete v anglick\u00e9 hodnot\u00edc\u00ed zpr\u00e1v\u011b. V r\u00e1mci v\u00fdzkumu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4345,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[3],"tags":[92],"coauthors":[19],"class_list":["post-4343","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pocasi","tag-klima","entry","has-media"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/3711173f-c95d-4caf-aaf7-1931c1544ada.png","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pa1A1I-183","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4343","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4343"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4343\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4352,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4343\/revisions\/4352"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4345"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4343"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4343"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4343"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=4343"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}