{"id":3995,"date":"2020-10-21T15:47:40","date_gmt":"2020-10-21T13:47:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/?p=3995"},"modified":"2020-10-21T15:47:40","modified_gmt":"2020-10-21T13:47:40","slug":"po-roce-s-velmi-malou-ozonovou-dirou-tu-mame-rok-s-ozonovou-dirou-o-vyrazne-nadprumernem-rozsahu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/2020\/10\/21\/po-roce-s-velmi-malou-ozonovou-dirou-tu-mame-rok-s-ozonovou-dirou-o-vyrazne-nadprumernem-rozsahu\/","title":{"rendered":"Po roce s velmi malou ozonovou d\u00edrou tu m\u00e1me rok s ozonovou d\u00edrou o v\u00fdrazn\u011b nadpr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9m rozsahu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zat\u00edmco v\u00a0roce 2019 byla v\u00a0dob\u011b maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed velikosti ozonov\u00e1 d\u00edra nad Antarktidou nejmen\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0historii m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/a>, o rok pozd\u011bji je v\u0161e bohu\u017eel \u00fapln\u011b jinak.<\/strong> <\/em><\/p>\n

U\u017e v\u00a0minul\u00e9m roce odborn\u00edci varovali, \u017ee velmi mal\u00e1 ozonov\u00e1 d\u00edra (ve skute\u010dnosti zten\u010den\u00ed ozonov\u00e9 vrstvy, nejedn\u00e1 se o \u201ed\u00edru\u201c v\u00a0doslovn\u00e9m smyslu, jak jsme psali ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve zde<\/a> na blogu) je\u0161t\u011b neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee je probl\u00e9m ozonov\u00e9 d\u00edry vy\u0159e\u0161en a velmi dobr\u00fd stav v\u00a0roce 2019 p\u0159isuzovali zejm\u00e9na neobvykle vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m vzduchu v\u00a0t\u00e9to vrstv\u011b atmosf\u00e9ry.<\/p>\n

Podle NASA a NOAA dos\u00e1hla velikost ozonov\u00e9 d\u00edry v\u00a0roce 2019 b\u011bhem sv\u00e9ho maxima 16,3 mil. km2<\/sup> 8. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, a n\u00e1sledn\u011b se smrskla na 10,1 mil. km2<\/sup> b\u011bhem z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a \u0159\u00edjna. V pr\u016fm\u011bru p\u0159itom dosahuje velikost ozonov\u00e9 d\u00edry b\u011bhem sv\u00e9ho maxima kolem 20 \u2013 21 mil. km2<\/sup>. Podobnou situaci, kdy byla ozonov\u00e1 d\u00edra abnorm\u00e1ln\u011b mal\u00e1 b\u011bhem sv\u00e9ho maxima d\u00edky vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm teplot\u00e1m v t\u00e9to vrstv\u011b, zaznamenali v\u011bdci tak\u00e9 v letech 1988 a 2002.<\/p>\n

Od poloviny srpna tohoto roku se v\u0161ak velikost ozonov\u00e9 d\u00edry za\u010dala rapidn\u011b zv\u011bt\u0161ovat a dos\u00e1hla v\u00fdrazn\u011b nadpr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 velikosti. Dle dat z evropsk\u00e9 dru\u017eice Sentinel-5P v r\u00e1mci projektu Copernicus dos\u00e1hla velikost ozonov\u00e9 d\u00edry b\u011bhem sv\u00e9ho leto\u0161n\u00edho maxima 20. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a\u017e 25 mil. km2<\/sup>. Podobn\u011b rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 byla ozonov\u00e1 d\u00edra nap\u0159\u00edklad v roce 2018 (22,9 mil. km2<\/sup>) \u010di v roce 2015 (25,6 km2). \u00dapln\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rozsah pak m\u011bla ozonov\u00e1 d\u00edra v roce 2000 (29,9 mil. km2<\/sup>). V\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ozonovou d\u00edru v tomto roce v\u011bdci op\u011bt p\u0159isuzuj\u00ed teplot\u00e1m v dan\u00e9 vrstv\u011b atmosf\u00e9ry. Velim siln\u00fd pol\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u00edtr v tomto roce zap\u0159\u00ed\u010dinil ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed teploty vzduchu nad Antarktidou.<\/p>\n

Velikost ozonov\u00e9 d\u00edry se m\u011bn\u00ed z\u00a0roku na rok a z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u00e1 v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu roku periodicitu, kdy se ozonov\u00e1 d\u00edra zmen\u0161uje p\u0159i ochlazov\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161inou se postupn\u011b zv\u011bt\u0161uje b\u011bhem srpna a\u017e \u0159\u00edjna, maxima dosahuje n\u011bkdy mezi polovinou z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a \u0159\u00edjna.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipome\u0148me, \u017ee zten\u010den\u00ed ozonov\u00e9 vrstvy, kter\u00e1 chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed UV-B a UV-C z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm, zp\u016fsobily p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm emise n\u011bkter\u00fdch l\u00e1tek \u010dlov\u011bkem, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad halogenovan\u00e9 uhlovod\u00edky (n\u011bkdy tak\u00e9 ozna\u010dov\u00e1ny komer\u010dn\u00edm n\u00e1zvem freony), kter\u00e9 se od 30. let 20. stolet\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvaly nap\u0159\u00edklad do chladic\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed, aerosol\u016f \u010di hasic\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f. \u00dabytku ozonu si poprv\u00e9 v\u011bdci v\u0161imli v\u00a060. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed a v\u00a080. letech byla ozonov\u00e1 d\u00edra poprv\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1na nad Antarktidou.<\/p>\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd byl v tomto sm\u011bru tzv. Montrealsk\u00fd protokol, kter\u00fd byl uzav\u0159en v roce 1987. T\u00edm se zav\u00e1zala \u0159ada zem\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky\u00a0 (podepsala v roce 1990), \u017ee nebudou l\u00e1tky po\u0161kozuj\u00edc\u00ed ozonovou vrstvu pou\u017e\u00edvat. Podm\u00ednky dohody byly pak je\u0161t\u011b v pr\u016fb\u011bhu let n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t upraveny a zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bny. Studie<\/a> Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace z\u00a0roku 2018 uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee mno\u017estv\u00ed ozonu v\u00a0ozonov\u00e9 vrstv\u011b se nad Antarktidou na \u00farove\u0148 doby p\u0159ed 80. l\u00e9ty 20. stolet\u00ed vr\u00e1t\u00ed p\u0159i sou\u010dasn\u00e9m trendu a\u017e p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b kolem roku 2060.<\/p>\n

Leto\u0161n\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u00e1 ozonov\u00e1 d\u00edra a velk\u00fd rozd\u00edl oproti situaci v\u00a0lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce je d\u00e1n prim\u00e1rn\u011b meteorologick\u00fdmi podm\u00ednkami. Siln\u00fd v\u00edtr je d\u00e1n p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm rotac\u00ed Zem\u011b a velk\u00fdmi rozd\u00edly mezi teplotami v\u00a0pol\u00e1rn\u00edch a m\u00edrn\u00fdch zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00ed\u0159k\u00e1ch. V\u00a0tomto ohledu tedy ani nelze p\u0159edv\u00eddat, jak bude situace vypadat v\u00a0letech n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd je v\u00a0tomto sm\u011bru, podobn\u011b jako p\u0159i sledov\u00e1n\u00ed kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, kde se tak\u00e9 na meziro\u010dn\u00ed variabilit\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011b pod\u00edl\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, dlouhodob\u00fd trend.<\/p>\n

N\u00ed\u017ee uv\u00e1d\u00edme srovn\u00e1n\u00ed ozonov\u00e9 d\u00edry b\u011bhem sv\u00e9ho ro\u010dn\u00edho maxim\u00e1ln\u00edho rozsahu, vlevo 8. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2019, vpravo 20. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/td>\n\"\"<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

V\u00fdvoj ozonov\u00e9 d\u00edry v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed jednotliv\u00e9 roky m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed:<\/p>\n

\nhttps:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/ozoneSep.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n

Zdroj: NASA<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u00fdvoj ozonov\u00e9 d\u00edry od za\u010d\u00e1tku \u010dervence 2020 do p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b poloviny \u0159\u00edjna 2020:<\/p>\n

https:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Ozone2020.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n

Zdroj: NASA<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zat\u00edmco v\u00a0roce 2019 byla v\u00a0dob\u011b maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed velikosti ozonov\u00e1 d\u00edra nad Antarktidou nejmen\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0historii m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, o rok pozd\u011bji je v\u0161e bohu\u017eel \u00fapln\u011b jinak. U\u017e v\u00a0minul\u00e9m roce odborn\u00edci varovali, \u017ee velmi mal\u00e1 ozonov\u00e1 d\u00edra (ve skute\u010dnosti zten\u010den\u00ed ozonov\u00e9 vrstvy, nejedn\u00e1 se o \u201ed\u00edru\u201c v\u00a0doslovn\u00e9m smyslu, jak jsme psali ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve zde na blogu) je\u0161t\u011b neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee je […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4000,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[3],"tags":[136],"coauthors":[19],"class_list":["post-3995","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pocasi","tag-ozon","entry","has-media"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/2020ozoneMax.png","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pa1A1I-12r","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3995","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3995"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3995\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4006,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3995\/revisions\/4006"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4000"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3995"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3995"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3995"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=3995"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}