{"id":3583,"date":"2020-04-10T11:25:52","date_gmt":"2020-04-10T09:25:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/?p=3583"},"modified":"2020-04-12T11:50:36","modified_gmt":"2020-04-12T09:50:36","slug":"snimky-z-druzice-sentinel-5p-aneb-zmena-koncentraci-no2-oproti-roku-2019-cr-evropa-svet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/2020\/04\/10\/snimky-z-druzice-sentinel-5p-aneb-zmena-koncentraci-no2-oproti-roku-2019-cr-evropa-svet\/","title":{"rendered":"Sn\u00edmky z dru\u017eice Sentinel-5P aneb zm\u011bna koncentrac\u00ed NO<sub>2<\/sub> oproti roku 2019 &#8211; \u010cR, Evropa, sv\u011bt"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><strong>O vlivu opat\u0159en\u00ed proti \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed koronaviru na kvalitu ovzdu\u0161\u00ed jsme zde psali ji\u017e v\u00edcekr\u00e1t. Nyn\u00ed se pod\u00edvejme, jak vypadaj\u00ed op\u011bt nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dru\u017eicov\u00e9 sn\u00edmky za toto\u017en\u00e9 obdob\u00ed v roce 2019 a 2020 a to jak pro \u010ceskou republiku, tak pro Evropu a i cel\u00fd sv\u011bt.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme se na koncentrace oxidu dusi\u010dit\u00e9ho (NO<sub>2<\/sub>). Prim\u00e1rn\u00edm zdrojem oxidu dusi\u010dit\u00e9ho je doprava, v\u00fdrazn\u00fd je tak\u00e9 pr\u016fmysl p\u0159\u00edp. dal\u0161\u00ed zdroje &#8211; v\u017edy z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed oblasti sv\u011bta. V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice tvo\u0159\u00ed celkov\u00e1 doprava, dle nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dat \u010cHM\u00da z roku 2017, n\u011bco p\u0159es t\u0159etinu celkov\u00fdch emis\u00ed. V\u00fdrazn\u00fd je tak\u00e9 pod\u00edl ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 energetiky a v\u00fdroby tepla (25,7 %).<\/p>\n<p>Ne\u017e se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na samotn\u00e9 dru\u017eicov\u00e9 sn\u00edmky je pot\u0159eba znovu zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee na koncentrac\u00edch zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek m\u00e1 velmi v\u00fdznamn\u00fd pod\u00edl aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed meteorologick\u00e1 a rozptylov\u00e1 situace, tud\u00ed\u017e pokles nebo naopak n\u00e1r\u016fst nemus\u00ed nutn\u011b korelovat se samotn\u00fdmi emisemi. P\u0159i teplotn\u00edch inverz\u00edch a n\u00edzk\u00fdch rychlostech v\u011btru b\u00fdvaj\u00ed koncentrace zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, obecn\u011b rozptylov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky hodnot\u00edme tzv. ventila\u010dn\u00edm indexem. Stejn\u011b tak m\u00e1 vliv nap\u0159\u00edklad sm\u011br v\u011btru, d\u00edky kter\u00e9mu se dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed na ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edsto i l\u00e1tky z jin\u00fdch oblast\u00ed a to a\u017e p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u011b (t\u00fdk\u00e1 se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm suspendovan\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic). Tak\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky, a\u0165 u\u017e de\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9 \u010di sn\u011bhov\u00e9 kvalitu ovzdu\u0161\u00ed zlep\u0161uj\u00ed, proto\u017ee doch\u00e1z\u00ed k tzv. mokr\u00e9 depozici a je tak\u00e9 ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed m\u00edra resuspenze (v\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jednou ji\u017e usazen\u00e9ho prachu). V neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b je to pr\u00e1v\u011b teplota vzduchu, kter\u00e1 ud\u00e1v\u00e1 intenzitu vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zdrojem suspendovan\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic v \u010cR a z\u00e1rove\u0148 se pod\u00edl\u00ed i na emis\u00edch NO<sub>2<\/sub>.<\/p>\n<p>V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti \u010dl\u00e1nku uvid\u00edte celkem 8 map, kter\u00e9 jsem vygeneroval z dat ESA\/Copernicus, z dru\u017eice Sentinel-5P. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o obdob\u00ed 16. 3. a\u017e 8. 4. a to 2019 a 2020. K vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed karant\u00e9ny v \u010cR do\u0161lo 16. 3. 2020, proto bylo vybr\u00e1no toto datum. U map Evropy \u010di sv\u011bta je velmi dob\u0159e vid\u011bt markantn\u00ed pokles a to zejm\u00e9na ve m\u011bstech a pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch oblastech. Zde m\u016f\u017eeme tak\u0159ka s jistotou \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee se nejedn\u00e1 pouze o v\u00fdkyv v d\u016fsledku odli\u0161n\u00fdch meteorologick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek. 3t\u00fddenn\u00ed obdob\u00ed a rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry vyhlazuje jejich vliv. Nav\u00edc je vid\u011bt, \u017ee k poklesu do\u0161lo zejm\u00e9na v nejzne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch oblastech v zem\u00edch p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00edc\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed. Nejednalo se o plo\u0161n\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>U \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky je situace slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Jedn\u00e1 se o v\u00fdrazn\u011b men\u0161\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed, ne\u017e je sv\u011bt, Evropa \u010di USA. P\u0159i srovn\u00e1n\u00ed map \u010cR vid\u00edme rovn\u011b\u017e pokles v roce 2020 ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se shodn\u00fdm obdob\u00edm 2019. Data ze stanic imisn\u00edho monitoringu jsou v tomto sm\u011bru prozat\u00edm nejednozna\u010dn\u00e1. Pokud srovn\u00e1me obdob\u00ed prvn\u00ed poloviny b\u0159ezna a druh\u00e9 poloviny b\u0159ezna, na n\u011bkter\u00fdch dopravn\u00edch stanic\u00edch do\u0161lo v druh\u00e9 p\u016flce m\u011bs\u00edce k n\u00e1r\u016fstu, na jin\u00fdch k poklesu. Dopravn\u00ed stanice v\u0161ak nemaj\u00ed p\u0159ili\u0161 velkou reprezentativnost a koncentrace zde nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 nelze vztahovat na rozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed \u00fazemn\u00ed celky (to m\u016f\u017eeme d\u011blat u stanic tzv. poza\u010fov\u00fdch). Dru\u017eicov\u00e9 sn\u00edmky poskytuj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159esn\u00e9 informace v ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm rozli\u0161en\u00ed, ale plo\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00edho charakteru.<\/p>\n<p>Co tedy je z\u00e1v\u011brem? Z dru\u017eicov\u00fdch sn\u00edmk\u016f jasn\u011b vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee v obdob\u00ed 16. 3. a\u017e 8. 4. 2020 byly koncentrace NO<sub>2<\/sub> v\u00fdrazn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e ve shodn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed v roce 2019. To je vid\u011bt jak na map\u011b sv\u011bta, Evropy, tak \u010cR. U \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky ale vzhledem k velikosti \u00fazem\u00ed mus\u00edme b\u00fdt opatrn\u00ed s hled\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159\u00ed\u010din poklesu. Nemus\u00ed se nutn\u011b jednat o pokles v d\u016fsledku opat\u0159en\u00ed proti \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1kazy koronavirem, m\u016f\u017ee se jednat o vliv meteorologick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek a celkov\u00e9 zm\u011bny po\u010das\u00ed typickou pro toto obdob\u00ed (oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed, prodlu\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed dne), co\u017e mj. vede ke zm\u011bn\u00e1m koncentrac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00edho ozonu, jeho\u017e koncentrace s koncentracemi NO<sub>2<\/sub> tak\u00e9 souvis\u00ed. Nejpravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159em je, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o kombinaci v\u0161ech zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch vliv\u016f, v tuto chv\u00edli nedok\u00e1\u017eeme jednotliv\u00e9 vlivy p\u0159esn\u011b kvantifikovat.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed zhodnocen\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00edho vlivu provede \u010cHM\u00da a\u017e po skon\u010den\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed a to i s ohledem na meteorologick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ventila\u010dn\u00ed index), nam\u011b\u0159enou intenzitu dopravy a dal\u0161\u00ed<\/strong> <strong>faktory, s vyu\u017eit\u00edm p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm dat nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch pozemn\u00edmi stanicemi imisn\u00edho monitoringu<\/strong>.\u00a0<strong>N\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00e9 dru\u017eicov\u00e9 sn\u00edmky je tedy nutno br\u00e1t pouze jako orienta\u010dn\u00ed rozlo\u017een\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed NO<sub>2<\/sub>, v ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm rozli\u0161en\u00ed a bez jak\u00e9koliv indikace potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-31\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"31\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"no2CR-2019-2020\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><em>Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed NO<sub>2<\/sub> na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, obdob\u00ed 16. 3. a\u017e 8. 4. 2019 a 2020. Zdroj: Sentinel-5P (Copernicus)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-32\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"32\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"no2EU-2019-2020\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><em>Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed NO<sub>2<\/sub> na \u00fazem\u00ed Evropy, obdob\u00ed 16. 3. a\u017e 8. 4. 2019 a 2020. Zdroj: Sentinel-5P (Copernicus)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-33\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"33\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"no2US-2019-2020\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><em>Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed NO<sub>2<\/sub> na \u00fazem\u00ed USA, obdob\u00ed 16. 3. a\u017e 8. 4. 2019 a 2020. Zdroj: Sentinel-5P (Copernicus)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-34\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"34\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"no2World-2019-2020\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><em>Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed NO<sub>2<\/sub> na sv\u011bt\u011b, obdob\u00ed 16. 3. a\u017e 8. 4. 2019 a 2020. Zdroj: Sentinel-5P (Copernicus)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O vlivu opat\u0159en\u00ed proti \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed koronaviru na kvalitu ovzdu\u0161\u00ed jsme zde psali ji\u017e v\u00edcekr\u00e1t. Nyn\u00ed se pod\u00edvejme, jak vypadaj\u00ed op\u011bt nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dru\u017eicov\u00e9 sn\u00edmky za toto\u017en\u00e9 obdob\u00ed v roce 2019 a 2020 a to jak pro \u010ceskou republiku, tak pro Evropu a i cel\u00fd sv\u011bt. Zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme se na koncentrace oxidu dusi\u010dit\u00e9ho (NO2). Prim\u00e1rn\u00edm zdrojem oxidu dusi\u010dit\u00e9ho [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3598,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"coauthors":[19],"class_list":["post-3583","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ovzdusi","entry","has-media"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/imageNO2APr2020-scaled.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pa1A1I-VN","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3583","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3583"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3583\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3602,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3583\/revisions\/3602"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3598"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3583"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3583"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3583"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=3583"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}