{"id":3289,"date":"2020-03-17T13:23:00","date_gmt":"2020-03-17T12:23:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/?p=3289"},"modified":"2020-03-17T14:30:13","modified_gmt":"2020-03-17T13:30:13","slug":"stanicni-data-o-koncentracich-no2-potvrzuji-zavery-z-druzicovych-snimku-aneb-vliv-pandemie-na-kvalitu-ovzdusi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/2020\/03\/17\/stanicni-data-o-koncentracich-no2-potvrzuji-zavery-z-druzicovych-snimku-aneb-vliv-pandemie-na-kvalitu-ovzdusi\/","title":{"rendered":"Stani\u010dn\u00ed data koncentrac\u00ed NO2<\/sub> potvrzuj\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bry z dru\u017eicov\u00fdch sn\u00edmk\u016f aneb vliv pandemie na kvalitu ovzdu\u0161\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Minul\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek<\/a> na t\u00e9ma emise nad It\u00e1lii a koronavirus V\u00e1s velmi zaujalo. P\u0159ipravili jsme proto detailn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed anal\u00fdzu ze stani\u010dn\u00edch dat. Odpov\u00edme si na ot\u00e1zky jak se opat\u0159en\u00ed projevila, co d\u00e1le hraje roli i to, zda lze toto \u0159\u00edci plo\u0161n\u011b \u010di zda v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017eou opat\u0159en\u00ed kvalitu ovzdu\u0161\u00ed naopak zhor\u0161ovat. P\u0159ipravujeme tak\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nek z dat z \u010desk\u00fdch stanic imisn\u00edho monitoringu. Je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba po\u010dkat del\u0161\u00ed dobu, po kterou budou sou\u010dasn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed v platnosti.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

V\u00edce a v\u00edce zem\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, zav\u00e1d\u00ed razantn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed k zamezen\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed koronaviru v populaci. Tato opat\u0159en\u00ed se podepisuj\u00ed i na kvalit\u011b ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Prim\u00e1rn\u00edm zdrojem oxid\u016f dus\u00edku (NOx<\/sub>), kter\u00e9 v kontextu kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed znamenaj\u00ed sou\u010det oxidu dusi\u010dit\u00e9ho (NO2<\/sub>) a oxidu dusnat\u00e9ho (NO), je doprava a n\u011bkter\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 podniky a energetika. Monitorovac\u00ed slu\u017eba atmosf\u00e9ry v r\u00e1mci programu Copernicus (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service, CAMS) poskytuje denn\u00ed anal\u00fdzy hodinov\u00fdch koncentrac\u00ed standardn\u00edch zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek, na kter\u00fdch lze sledovat zm\u011bny koncentrac\u00ed t\u011bchto l\u00e1tek. Data jsou poskytov\u00e1na jednotliv\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi Evropsk\u00e9 agentu\u0159e pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed (EEA), odkud \u010derp\u00e1 i CAMS. Dru\u017eicov\u00e9 sn\u00edmky maj\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed p\u0159esnost a ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed rozli\u0161en\u00ed a slou\u017e\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e k plo\u0161n\u00fdm anal\u00fdz\u00e1m. Data ze stanic tedy dru\u017eicov\u00e9 sn\u00edmky p\u0159esn\u011bji kvantifikuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Severn\u00ed It\u00e1lie m\u00e1 pom\u011brn\u011b hustou s\u00ed\u0165 stanic imisn\u00edho monitoringu, monitoruj\u00edc\u00edch koncentrace NO2<\/sub> v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. V posledn\u00edch 4-5 t\u00fddnech je zde pozorov\u00e1no postupn\u00e9 sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed o p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10 % ka\u017ed\u00fd t\u00fdden.<\/p>\n

Zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b moment\u00e1ln\u011b nen\u00ed prioritou a stejn\u011b tak nejsou p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny tohoto sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed. Tato situace v\u0161ak poslou\u017eila k pr\u016fkaznosti u\u017eite\u010dnosti dru\u017eicov\u00fdch sn\u00edmk\u016f, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eou v t\u011bchto situac\u00edch rychle a plo\u0161n\u011b zhodnotit situaci nad rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdmi \u00fazem\u00edmi. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed graf ukazuje hodinov\u00e9 koncentrace NO2<\/sub> v Mil\u00e1nu od 1. ledna 2020, kde \u0161ed\u00e1 m\u0159\u00ed\u017eka zna\u010d\u00ed t\u00fddny a modr\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1ra t\u00fddenn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Koncentrace NO2<\/sub> v Mil\u00e1nu od za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2020. Modr\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1ra indikuje t\u00fddenn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br. Zdroj: CAMS<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

O NO2<\/sub> mus\u00edme d\u00e1le \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o relativn\u011b reaktivn\u00ed l\u00e1tku, kter\u00e1 nez\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed dlouho. Na rozd\u00edl od prachov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic se zde tedy neprojevuje d\u00e1lkov\u00fd \u010di a\u017e p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00ed transport, vysok\u00e9 koncentrace jsou v\u011bt\u0161inou v m\u00edst\u011b zdroje. Toto m\u016f\u017eeme pozorovat i na lok\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni, kdy na dopravn\u00edch stanic\u00edch jsou koncentrace NO2<\/sub> v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ale ji\u017e v relativn\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00e9m okol\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed. D\u00e1le mus\u00edme zm\u00ednit, \u017ee samotn\u00e9 koncentrace z\u00e1vis\u00ed tak\u00e9 na rozptylov\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch a nap\u0159\u00edklad teplot\u011b vzduchu. Nepozorujeme zde ale tak velkou z\u00e1vislost, jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nap\u0159. prachov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic, kter\u00e9 jsou prim\u00e1rn\u011b tvo\u0159en\u00e9 lok\u00e1ln\u00edm vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00edm a jejich\u017e koncentrace jsou tedy v d\u016fsledku vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed a tak\u00e9 hor\u0161\u00edch rozptylov\u00fdch podm\u00ednek v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v chladnou \u010d\u00e1st roku. Hodnotit tedy kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 zm\u011bny m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed, proto\u017ee zde m\u016f\u017eou hr\u00e1t roli jin\u00e9 faktory.<\/p>\n

V Mil\u00e1nu m\u016f\u017eeme vid\u011bt relativn\u011b standardn\u00ed v\u00fdkyvy b\u011bhem prvn\u00edch 4 t\u00fddn\u016f, n\u00e1sledn\u011b stagnaci a od 8. t\u00fddne postupn\u00fd pokles pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch t\u00fddenn\u00edch koncentrac\u00ed NO2<\/sub>. V lednu byly pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 koncentrace NO2<\/sub> kolem 65 \u00b5g\/m3<\/sup>, v \u00fanoru pouze 50 \u00b5g\/m3<\/sup> a v prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b b\u0159ezna u\u017e jen necel\u00fdch 40 \u00b5g\/m3<\/sup>. V pr\u016fm\u011bru se tedy jedn\u00e1 v posledn\u00edch t\u00fddnech o pokles v pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch koncentrac\u00edch o p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 4 a\u017e 5 \u00b5g\/m3<\/sup> za t\u00fdden.<\/p>\n

Mil\u00e1n nen\u00ed jedin\u00fdm m\u011bstem, kde se podobn\u00fd trend projevil, jak ukazuj\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed grafy z dal\u0161\u00edch italsk\u00fdch m\u011bst.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Pr\u016fb\u011bh koncentrac\u00ed NO2<\/sub> v Tur\u00ednu (vlevo naho\u0159e), Bergamu (vpravo naho\u0159e), Bologne (vlevo dole) a Ben\u00e1tk\u00e1ch (vpravo dole) od za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2020. Zdroj: CAMS<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Nen\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9 data hodnotit, v ide\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by toti\u017e bylo pot\u0159eba pokusit se statisticky vylou\u010dit vliv meteorologick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek tak, aby byly zm\u011bny d\u00e1ny pouze zm\u011bnami v mno\u017estv\u00ed vyprodukovan\u00fdch emis\u00ed. V jin\u00fdch m\u011bstech, kde byla opat\u0159en\u00ed zavedena pozd\u011bji nebo v men\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e, u\u017e tak v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zm\u011bny nepozorujeme, jak ukazuje nap\u0159\u00edklad graf z \u0158\u00edma.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Pr\u016fb\u011bh koncentrac\u00ed NO2<\/sub> v \u0158\u00edm\u011b od za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2020. Zdroj: CAMS<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Jak\u00fd tedy z dan\u00e9 situace m\u016f\u017eeme ud\u011blat z\u00e1v\u011br? P\u0159esn\u011b kvantifikovat pokles je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9<\/strong>, jak ji\u017e bylo pops\u00e1no v\u00fd\u0161e. Ur\u010dit\u00fd klesaj\u00edc\u00ed trend je zde v\u0161ak jasn\u00fd. Co je d\u00e1le d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je fakt, \u017ee se dob\u0159e uk\u00e1zaly mo\u017enosti dru\u017eicov\u00fdch sn\u00edmk\u016f, kter\u00e9 podobn\u00fd trend zaznamenaly u\u017e d\u0159\u00edve. Tyto sn\u00edmky sice neposkytuj\u00ed tak p\u0159esn\u00e1 data v tak vysok\u00e9m rozli\u0161en\u00ed, ale jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro plo\u0161n\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy, p\u0159\u00edp. anal\u00fdzy v m\u00edstech, kde nejsou k dispozici stanice nebo je hustota stanic nedostate\u010dn\u00e1. Vliv opat\u0159en\u00ed proti \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed epidemie na kvalitu ovzdu\u0161\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt r\u016fzn\u00fd.<\/strong> Z\u00e1v\u011bry v\u00fd\u0161e potvrzuj\u00ed pokles v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b NO2<\/sub>. Toto v\u0161ak nemus\u00ed platit v\u017edy a u v\u0161ech l\u00e1tek. V\u00fdrazn\u00e1 omezen\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad m\u016f\u017eou naopak v\u00e9st k tomu, \u017ee lid\u00e9 nam\u00edsto m\u011bstsk\u00e9 hromadn\u00e9 dopravy pou\u017eij\u00ed rad\u011bji automobil, lid\u00e9 budou v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st dne tr\u00e1vit doma a budou intenzivn\u011bji vyt\u00e1p\u011bt, odli\u0161n\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se koncentrace p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00edho ozonu, kter\u00fd s NO2<\/sub> reaguje a jeho\u017e koncentrace se zvy\u0161uj\u00ed p\u0159i vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed intenzit\u011b slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a teplot\u011b a tedy jsou vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v teplou \u010d\u00e1st roku atd. Do hry tedy vstupuje v\u00edce faktor\u016f a ke ka\u017ed\u00e9 situaci je t\u0159eba p\u0159istupovat individu\u00e1ln\u011b.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Minul\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek na t\u00e9ma emise nad It\u00e1lii a koronavirus V\u00e1s velmi zaujalo. P\u0159ipravili jsme proto detailn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed anal\u00fdzu ze stani\u010dn\u00edch dat. Odpov\u00edme si na ot\u00e1zky jak se opat\u0159en\u00ed projevila, co d\u00e1le hraje roli i to, zda lze toto \u0159\u00edci plo\u0161n\u011b \u010di zda v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017eou opat\u0159en\u00ed kvalitu ovzdu\u0161\u00ed naopak zhor\u0161ovat. P\u0159ipravujeme tak\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nek z dat […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3294,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"coauthors":[19],"class_list":["post-3289","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ovzdusi","entry","has-media"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/comparison.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pa1A1I-R3","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3289","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3289"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3289\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3304,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3289\/revisions\/3304"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3294"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3289"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3289"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3289"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=3289"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}