{"id":2800,"date":"2019-11-07T19:27:10","date_gmt":"2019-11-07T18:27:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/?p=2800"},"modified":"2019-11-07T19:27:10","modified_gmt":"2019-11-07T18:27:10","slug":"extremne-spatna-kvalita-ovzdusi-v-indii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/2019\/11\/07\/extremne-spatna-kvalita-ovzdusi-v-indii\/","title":{"rendered":"Extr\u00e9mn\u011b \u0161patn\u00e1 kvalita ovzdu\u0161\u00ed v Indii"},"content":{"rendered":"

Indie je proslul\u00e1 \u0161patnou kvalitou ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, situace v Nov\u00e9m Dill\u00ed je ale op\u011bt kritick\u00e1.\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Nad indickou metropol\u00ed se v posledn\u00edch dnech op\u011bt snesl toxick\u00fd smog, koncentrace zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek dosahuj\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u00edch hodnot a viditelnost je velmi omezen\u00e1. Lid\u00e9 i p\u0159\u00edmo na ulic\u00edch ka\u0161lou a slz\u00ed v d\u016fsledku \u0161patn\u00e9 kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

M\u011bsto jako takov\u00e9 je dlouhodob\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1no za jedno z nejhor\u0161\u00edch m\u00edst na sv\u011bt\u011b, co se t\u00fd\u010de kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. M\u00edstn\u00ed vl\u00e1da dokonce vyhl\u00e1sila stav ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho ohro\u017een\u00ed a byly zav\u0159eny \u0161koly a ru\u0161eny lety.<\/p>\n

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Cel\u00e9 m\u011bsto pokryl hust\u00fd smog, je velmi sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 viditelnost a koncentrace suspendovan\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic dosahuj\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u00edch hodnot. Zdroj: Reuters<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zhor\u0161en\u00fd stav zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed je pro m\u011bsto v tuto dobu relativn\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u00fd, leto\u0161n\u00ed situace je v\u0161ak v\u00fdrazn\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e je obvykl\u00e9. \u0160\u00e9f m\u00edstn\u00ed samospr\u00e1vy p\u0159irovnal m\u011bsto k „plynov\u00e9 komo\u0159e“. Koncentrace n\u011bkter\u00fdch l\u00e1tek dos\u00e1hly tak vysok\u00e9 hodnoty, \u017ee narazily na m\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fd rozsah n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f.<\/p>\n

Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch zdroj\u016f dos\u00e1hla koncentrace suspendovan\u00fdch (prachov\u00fdch) \u010d\u00e1stic PM2,5<\/sub> t\u011b\u017eko uv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 hranice 1000 \u00b5g\/m3<\/sup> (tedy 1 mg\/m3<\/sup>). To je ston\u00e1sobek doporu\u010den\u00e9 maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty podle Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace. Ro\u010dn\u00ed imisn\u00ed limit v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice pro tuto l\u00e1tku je 25 \u00b5g\/m3<\/sup> a od 1. ledna 2020 bude sn\u00ed\u017een na 20 \u00b5g\/m3<\/sup>. V roce 2018 byl nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br PM2,5<\/sub> koncentrac\u00ed v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice nam\u011b\u0159en na stanici Ostrava-Radvanice Z\u00da a to 36,8 \u00b5g\/m3<\/sup>. Celkem jsou dostupn\u00e1 data za rok 2018 pro 80 stanic. V\u0161ech 10 stanic s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm ro\u010dn\u00edm pr\u016fm\u011brem se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v okresech Ostrava-m\u011bsto, Karvin\u00e1 a Fr\u00fddek-M\u00edstek.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny<\/h2>\n

Co stoj\u00ed za tak \u0161patnou situac\u00ed? Na vin\u011b je hned n\u011bkolik faktor\u016f. Velmi v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 je podzimn\u00ed spalov\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blci, velmi v\u00fdznamn\u011b tak\u00e9 k situaci p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 rozptylov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky – p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pak velmi n\u00edzk\u00e9 rychlosti v\u011btru, tak\u017ee se zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kumuluje u zdroj\u016f. V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zdrojem zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je v Nov\u00e9m Dill\u00ed doprava. V tuto ro\u010dn\u00ed dobu jsou tak\u00e9 v r\u00e1mci festivalu hojn\u011b odpalov\u00e1ny pyrotechnick\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty – a to p\u0159es d\u016frazn\u00fd z\u00e1kaz, kter\u00e1 i letos vl\u00e1da vydala.<\/p>\n

Opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Lid\u00e9 byli vyzv\u00e1ni co nejv\u00edce omezit pohyb venku. Mezi lid bylo tak\u00e9 distribuov\u00e1no v\u00edce ne\u017e 5 milion\u016f rou\u0161ek, av\u0161ak jejich \u00fa\u010dinnost je velmi problematick\u00e1. Podobn\u00e9 typy ochrany sice zabr\u00e1n\u00ed vdechov\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic (co\u017e nap\u0159\u00edklad m\u016f\u017ee pomoct od ka\u0161le), ale nezachyt\u00ed mal\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice, kter\u00e9 \u0161kod\u00ed zdrav\u00ed, proto\u017ee se dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do d\u00fdchac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu – na rozd\u00edl od t\u011bch velk\u00fdch, kter\u00e9 sice dr\u00e1\u017ed\u00ed, jsou nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9, ale jsou zachyceny na sliznic\u00edch. P\u00e1len\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blci bylo tak\u00e9 zak\u00e1z\u00e1no, v okol\u00ed moment\u00e1ln\u011b ho\u0159\u00ed (na z\u00e1klad\u011b satelitn\u00edch sn\u00edmk\u016f) minim\u00e1ln\u011b 3000 po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f zalo\u017een\u00fdch pr\u00e1v\u011b farm\u00e1\u0159i.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
M\u00edstn\u00edm jsou rozd\u00e1v\u00e1ny ochrann\u00e9 rou\u0161ky. Jejich \u00fa\u010dinnost je v\u0161ak pouze kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e1 – br\u00e1n\u00ed dr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed a s n\u00edm spojen\u00e9mu ka\u0161li. Mal\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice v\u0161ak nezastav\u00ed a pr\u00e1v\u011b ty maj\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed dopady. Zdroj: Reuters.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Co se dopravy t\u00fd\u010de byl zaveden syst\u00e9m lich\u00fdch a sud\u00fdch SPZ. Automobily s lich\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslem na pozn\u00e1vac\u00ed zna\u010dce sm\u00ed jezdit pouze v lich\u00e9 kalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00ed dny a naopak. To by v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b 100% respektov\u00e1n\u00ed mohlo sn\u00ed\u017eit po\u010det voz\u016f ve m\u011bst\u011b a\u017e o 1,2 milionu.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Mapa z 4. listopadu ukazuje nejhor\u0161\u00ed m\u00edsta zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v Indii. Zdroj: News Creative<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Indie je proslul\u00e1 \u0161patnou kvalitou ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, situace v Nov\u00e9m Dill\u00ed je ale op\u011bt kritick\u00e1.\u00a0 Nad indickou metropol\u00ed se v posledn\u00edch dnech op\u011bt snesl toxick\u00fd smog, koncentrace zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek dosahuj\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u00edch hodnot a viditelnost je velmi omezen\u00e1. Lid\u00e9 i p\u0159\u00edmo na ulic\u00edch ka\u0161lou a slz\u00ed v d\u016fsledku \u0161patn\u00e9 kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. M\u011bsto jako takov\u00e9 je dlouhodob\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1no […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2802,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5],"tags":[108,107],"coauthors":[19],"class_list":["post-2800","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ovzdusi","tag-indie","tag-smog","entry","has-media"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/download-1.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pa1A1I-Ja","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2800","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2800"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2800\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2805,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2800\/revisions\/2805"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2802"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2800"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2800"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2800"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=2800"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}