{"id":2704,"date":"2019-09-04T08:32:33","date_gmt":"2019-09-04T06:32:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/?p=2704"},"modified":"2019-09-04T08:32:33","modified_gmt":"2019-09-04T06:32:33","slug":"je-co2-znecistujici-latka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/2019\/09\/04\/je-co2-znecistujici-latka\/","title":{"rendered":"Je CO2<\/sub> zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tka?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nejednou jsme dostali dotaz, jak je to vlastn\u011b s oxidem uhli\u010dit\u00fdm, tedy CO2<\/sub>, a pro\u010d nem\u00e1me na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed jeho aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed ani historick\u00e9 koncentrace. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se tedy pod\u00edv\u00e1me, jak to vlastn\u011b s CO2<\/sub> je a n\u011bkter\u00e1 fakta v\u00e1s mo\u017en\u00e1 p\u0159ekvap\u00ed – opravdu jej vydechujeme? \u0160kod\u00ed zdrav\u00ed? Zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uje ovzdu\u0161\u00ed?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

O oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9m jist\u011b sly\u0161el ka\u017ed\u00fd z v\u00e1s. Jedn\u00e1 se o bezbarv\u00fd plyn bez chuti a z\u00e1pachu. Mo\u017en\u00e1 v\u00e1s p\u0159ekvap\u00ed, \u017ee v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e tvo\u0159\u00ed pouze p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 0,041 %. Chemicky se jedn\u00e1 o atom uhl\u00edku, na n\u011bj\u017e jsou dvojnou vazbou nav\u00e1z\u00e1ny dva atomy kysl\u00edku.<\/p>\n

Vydechujeme oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd?<\/h2>\n

\u010casto se tak\u00e9 velmi zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee vdechujeme kysl\u00edk a vydechujeme CO2<\/sub><\/em>. Tato formulace je v\u0161ak vysoce nep\u0159esn\u00e1. Ve skute\u010dnosti toti\u017e vdechujeme p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b dus\u00edk, ten tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 78 % vzduchu v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e. Kysl\u00edk pak jako druh\u00fd nejzastoupen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prvek tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 20,95 % vdechnut\u00e9ho vzduchu. Oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 0,04 %. A jak je to se vzduchem, kter\u00fd vydechujeme? Op\u011bt obsahuje jednozna\u010dn\u011b nejv\u00edce dus\u00edku, v pr\u016fm\u011bru asi 74,4 %. Kysl\u00edk p\u0159edstavuje asi 15 % a oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd kolem 4-5 %. Na jednu stranu tedy doch\u00e1z\u00ed k p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 100n\u00e1sobn\u00e9mu n\u00e1r\u016fstu jeho koncentrace, p\u0159esto i vzduch, kter\u00fd vydechujeme obsahuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b t\u0159ikr\u00e1t v\u00edce kysl\u00edku ne\u017e CO2<\/sub>. A pokud bychom tedy cht\u011bli fr\u00e1zi z \u00favodu tohoto odstavce uv\u00e9st p\u0159esn\u011b, m\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee vdechujeme dus\u00edk a vydechujeme dus\u00edk<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Sklen\u00edkov\u00e9 plyny<\/h2>\n

Te\u010f se ale kone\u010dn\u011b pod\u00edvejme na CO2<\/sub> z pohledu kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a jeho v\u00fdznamu. CO2<\/sub> pat\u0159\u00ed mezi tzv. sklen\u00edkov\u00e9 plyny (Green House Gases, GHGs). Slune\u010dn\u00ed paprsky dopadaj\u00ed b\u011bhem dne na Zemi ve form\u011b kr\u00e1tkovlnn\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, to se ov\u0161em na Zemi m\u011bn\u00ed na dlouhovlnn\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a to je op\u011bt vyza\u0159ov\u00e1no zp\u011bt do vesm\u00edru. Sklen\u00edkov\u00e9 plyny propou\u0161t\u00ed kr\u00e1tkovlnn\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, ale dlouhovlnn\u00e9 jen \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b. Doch\u00e1z\u00ed tedy d\u00edky nim k akumulaci tepla u Zem\u011b – tzv. sklen\u00edkov\u00fd efekt. V tento moment je nutn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee bez sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f by \u017eivot na Zemi nebyl mo\u017en\u00fd v podob\u011b, jak ho zn\u00e1me. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 teplota Zem\u011b by toti\u017e v jejich absenci byla jen kolem -19 \u00b0C, nam\u00edsto re\u00e1ln\u00fdch +15 \u00b0C. N\u00e1r\u016fst koncentrac\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f ale zp\u016fsobuje dal\u0161\u00ed oteplen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 u\u017e nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed a vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 \u0159adu zm\u011bn.<\/p>\n

Od za\u010d\u00e1tku pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 revoluce kolem roku 1750 do\u0161lo k p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 45% n\u00e1r\u016fstu koncentrac\u00ed CO2\u00a0<\/sub>v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e, z tehdej\u0161\u00edch 280 ppm na 415 ppm v roce 2019. V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zdrojem CO2\u00a0<\/sub>je spalov\u00e1n\u00ed fosiln\u00edch paliv.\u00a0 CO2\u00a0<\/sub>ale nen\u00ed zdaleka jedin\u00fdm sklen\u00edkov\u00fdm plynem, dokonce jsou jin\u00e9 plyny, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u00fdrazn\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi plyny v kontextu vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed. Jednotka ozna\u010dovan\u00e1 jako potenci\u00e1l glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed (Global Warming Potential) z\u00e1vis\u00ed jak na \u00fa\u010dinnosti dan\u00e9 molekuly vyvol\u00e1vat glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed, tak na jej\u00ed \u017eivotnosti v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e. CO2\u00a0<\/sub>m\u00e1 p\u0159id\u011blenou hodnotu GWP 1. V\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hodnotu m\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad metan nebo dichlordifluormetan, zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako Freon 12, kter\u00fd prokazateln\u011b po\u0161kozuje ozonovou vrstvu. Celkov\u011b se na sklen\u00edkov\u00e9m efektu Zem\u011b nejv\u00edce pod\u00edl\u00ed vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ra, jeliko\u017e je v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e zastoupena v nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed koncentraci ze sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f.<\/p>\n

Zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tka?<\/h2>\n

O CO2<\/sub> se hodn\u011b mluv\u00ed v souvislosti pr\u00e1v\u011b s glob\u00e1ln\u00edm oteplov\u00e1n\u00edm a panuje v\u0161eobecn\u00e1 snaha redukovat emise CO2<\/sub>. Asi \u00fapln\u011b nej\u010dast\u011bji se o redukci CO2\u00a0<\/sub>mluv\u00ed v kontextu automobilov\u00fdch emis\u00ed. Tato snaha je jist\u011b velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 a dlouhodob\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00e1. Jedn\u00e1 se ale o zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tku?<\/p>\n

Zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tka je obecn\u011b definov\u00e1na jako l\u00e1tka, kter\u00e1\u00a0svou p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed m\u00e1 nebo m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt \u0161kodliv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed nebo \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed anebo obt\u011b\u017euje z\u00e1pachem. Pokud se ale zamysl\u00edme nad fungov\u00e1n\u00edm CO2\u00a0<\/sub>nic takov\u00e9ho CO2\u00a0<\/sub>nezp\u016fsobuje – samoz\u0159ejm\u011b pokud se bav\u00edme o koncentrac\u00edch, ve kter\u00fdch se b\u011b\u017en\u011b v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e vyskytuje. Pokud bychom se dostali do prost\u0159ed\u00ed s extr\u00e9mn\u011b vysokou koncentrac\u00ed CO2<\/sub>, bylo by to pro lidsk\u00fd organismus samoz\u0159ejm\u011b fat\u00e1ln\u00ed. Pro n\u00e1\u0161 organismus ale nehraje p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velkou roli, zda je koncentrace CO2<\/sub> nap\u0159\u00edklad 410 ppm nebo 415 ppm (tedy 0,0410 nebo 0,0415 % v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e). Takov\u00fdto rozd\u00edl nijak neohroz\u00ed na\u0161e zdrav\u00ed ani nijak neobt\u011b\u017euje z\u00e1pachem. Uv\u00e1d\u00ed se, \u017ee ur\u010dit\u00e9 negativn\u00ed dopady m\u016f\u017eou m\u00edt koncentrace CO2\u00a0<\/sub>0,1 % a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, let\u00e1ln\u00ed by byl kolem 5 %.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b z d\u016fvodu, \u017ee se \u00fasek kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed \u010cHM\u00da zab\u00fdv\u00e1 monitoringem zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek, co\u017e CO2\u00a0<\/sub>nen\u00ed, nejsou jeho koncentrace monitorov\u00e1ny na stanic\u00edch imisn\u00edho monitoringu, ani pro n\u011bj neexistuje platn\u00fd imisn\u00ed limit. Neznamen\u00e1 to v\u0161ak, \u017ee „n\u00e1s“ CO2<\/sub> v\u016fbec nezaj\u00edm\u00e1. V r\u00e1mci \u00faseku kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed existuje i odd\u011blen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se CO2<\/sub> zab\u00fdv\u00e1, ne v\u0161ak monitoringem jeho koncentrac\u00ed v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, ale mno\u017estv\u00edm emis\u00ed CO2<\/sub> do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Velmi mal\u00e9 zm\u011bny CO2<\/sub>, kter\u00e9 v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e prob\u00edhaj\u00ed, tedy lid\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo na sob\u011b nijak nepoci\u0165uj\u00ed. V glob\u00e1ln\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017eou m\u00edt tyto mal\u00e9 zm\u011bny negativn\u00ed dopady, kter\u00e9 u\u017e na ka\u017ed\u00e9ho z n\u00e1s vliv m\u00edt mohou a CO2\u00a0<\/sub>tedy ovliv\u0148uje v tomto sm\u011bru nep\u0159\u00edmo.<\/p>\n

Monitoring CO2<\/sub><\/h2>\n

Monitoring CO2<\/sub>v glob\u00e1ln\u00edm kontextu je ide\u00e1ln\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bt na velmi odlehl\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b, aby byla m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed co nejsrovnateln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a co nejm\u00e9n\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00e1 bl\u00edzk\u00fdmi zdroji. Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u00edstem m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed CO2\u00a0<\/sub>na Zemi je observato\u0159 pobl\u00ed\u017e sopky Mauna Loa na Hawai. Koncentrace oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho se zde sleduj\u00ed ji\u017e od roku 1958 a existuje tak v\u00edce ne\u017e 50let\u00e1 ucelen\u00e1 \u010dasov\u00e1 \u0159ada glob\u00e1ln\u00edch koncentrac\u00ed CO2\u00a0<\/sub>(o tom ale zase n\u011bkdy jindy).<\/p>\n

Souhrn<\/h2>\n
    \n
  • je\u00a0CO2\u00a0<\/sub>zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tkou?<\/em><\/strong> – nen\u00ed, jeho m\u00edrn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010di ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed koncentrace v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed nijak negativn\u011b neovliv\u0148uje<\/li>\n
  • je \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed snaha o redukci emis\u00ed CO2<\/sub>?<\/strong><\/em> – ano, v glob\u00e1ln\u00edm kontextu jsou i mal\u00e9 zm\u011bny v jeho koncentraci ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed a nep\u0159\u00edmo m\u016f\u017eou ovliv\u0148ovat \u017eivot na Zemi<\/li>\n
  • monitoruje \u010cHM\u00da koncentrace CO2<\/sub>?<\/strong><\/em> – ne, \u010cHM\u00da se prim\u00e1rn\u011b zab\u00fdv\u00e1 monitoringem zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek a l\u00e1tek maj\u00edc\u00edch v z\u00e1kon\u011b o ochranu ovzdu\u0161\u00ed stanoven\u00fd imisn\u00ed limit. \u010cHM\u00da se v kontextu CO2<\/sub> zab\u00fdv\u00e1 pouze reportingem mno\u017estv\u00ed jeho emis\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

     <\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Nejednou jsme dostali dotaz, jak je to vlastn\u011b s oxidem uhli\u010dit\u00fdm, tedy CO2, a pro\u010d nem\u00e1me na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed jeho aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed ani historick\u00e9 koncentrace. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se tedy pod\u00edv\u00e1me, jak to vlastn\u011b s CO2 je a n\u011bkter\u00e1 fakta v\u00e1s mo\u017en\u00e1 p\u0159ekvap\u00ed – opravdu jej vydechujeme? \u0160kod\u00ed zdrav\u00ed? Zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uje ovzdu\u0161\u00ed? O oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9m jist\u011b […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2709,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5],"tags":[91],"coauthors":[19],"class_list":["post-2704","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ovzdusi","tag-co2","entry","has-media"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/9856473134_04afa07443_b.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pa1A1I-HC","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2704","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2704"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2704\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2711,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2704\/revisions\/2711"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2709"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2704"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2704"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2704"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=2704"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}