{"id":2567,"date":"2019-07-08T11:04:45","date_gmt":"2019-07-08T09:04:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/?p=2567"},"modified":"2019-07-10T16:34:41","modified_gmt":"2019-07-10T14:34:41","slug":"vliv-bourky-1-cervence-na-kvalitu-ovzdusi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/2019\/07\/08\/vliv-bourky-1-cervence-na-kvalitu-ovzdusi\/","title":{"rendered":"Vliv rychlosti v\u011btru b\u011bhem bou\u0159ky 1. \u010dervence na kvalitu ovzdu\u0161\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hodnocen\u00ed kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed nen\u00ed jednoduch\u00fd \u00fakol. Jak jsme popsali v\u00a0p\u0159edchoz\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch na blogu, existuje obrovsk\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la faktor\u016f, kter\u00e9 zap\u0159\u00ed\u010di\u0148uj\u00ed to, jak\u00e9 jsou v\u00a0dan\u00e9 lokalit\u011b kr\u00e1tkodob\u011b i dlouhodob\u011b koncentrace konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky. Pat\u0159\u00ed sem nap\u0159\u00edklad zdroje zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0okol\u00ed, meteorologick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky nebo okoln\u00ed ter\u00e9n.<\/p>\n

Z\u00a0meteorologick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek ovliv\u0148uje kvalitu ovzdu\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm rychlost a sm\u011br v\u011btru, d\u00e1le intenzita slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, okoln\u00ed teplota a vlhkost vzduchu a tak\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky, a\u0165 u\u017e pevn\u00e9ho \u010di kapaln\u00e9ho skupenstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se pod\u00edv\u00e1me p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na vliv rychlosti a sm\u011bru v\u011btru. U sm\u011bru v\u011btru je dopad relativn\u011b jednozna\u010dn\u00fd. Sm\u011br v\u011btru ur\u010duje, kudy se budou zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky \u0161\u00ed\u0159it. Tato informace je tedy velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 p\u0159i identifikaci zdroj\u016f. Velmi zjednodu\u0161en\u011b, pokud v\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00e9 dny jsou koncentrace na ur\u010dit\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed a tyto dny jsou charakteristick\u00e9 ur\u010dit\u00fdm sm\u011brem v\u011btru, je nutn\u00e9 hledat zdroj tohoto zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b ze sm\u011bru, ze kter\u00e9ho ten den foukalo.<\/p>\n

U rychlosti v\u011btru v\u011bt\u0161inou plat\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm pro kvalitu ovzdu\u0161\u00ed pozitivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rychlost v\u011btru znamen\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozptylov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky. Zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky se v\u00edce rozptyluj\u00ed do okol\u00ed, sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e aby se koncentrovaly na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b. Tento fakt je dob\u0159e vid\u011bt na v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b koncentra\u010dn\u00edch r\u016f\u017eic, kdy nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed koncentrace b\u00fdvaj\u00ed u st\u0159edu (n\u00edzk\u00e9 rychlosti v\u011btru \u010di bezv\u011bt\u0159\u00ed), naopak u kraje r\u016f\u017eice b\u00fdvaj\u00ed koncentrace ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u017edy ale z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. Nyn\u00ed se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed situaci a to situaci, kter\u00e1 nastala v\u00a0pond\u011bl\u00ed 1. \u010dervence 2019 v\u00a0odpoledn\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch. Ji\u017e v\u00a0brzk\u00fdch rann\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch se teplota vzduchu pohybovala kolem 20 \u00b0C a b\u011bhem dopoledne rychle rostla. Ve 14 h odpoledne se teplota vzduchu na stanic\u00edch v\u00a0centru Brna pohybovala a\u017e mezi 35 a 36 \u00b0C. Na \u0159ad\u011b stanic tento den padl teplotn\u00ed rekord pro dan\u00fd den, v\u016fbec nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed byla teplota na jihomoravsk\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 stanici v\u00a0Kucha\u0159ovic\u00edch, kde se vy\u0161plhala a\u017e na 38,4 \u00b0C. Kolem 11 h dopoledne se v\u00a0oblasti Rokycan za\u010dala formovat bou\u0159kov\u00e1 \u010dinnost, kter\u00e1 se pohybovala sm\u011brem na v\u00fdchod a zesilovala. V\u00a0odpoledn\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch u\u017e pak p\u0159es \u00fazem\u00ed republiky postupoval ze z\u00e1padu na v\u00fdchod p\u00e1s intenzivn\u00edch bou\u0159ek.<\/p>\n

Na \u00fazem\u00ed Brna se bou\u0159ka prohnala kolem 16 h odpoledne a kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 intenzivn\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eky byly doprov\u00e1zeny siln\u00fdmi n\u00e1razy v\u011btru. Na stanici Brno-Tu\u0159any, um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00a0otev\u0159en\u00e9m prostoru byly desetiminutov\u00e9 pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 rychlosti v\u011btru a\u017e kolem 50 km\/h, s\u00a0maxim\u00e1ln\u00edm n\u00e1razem 85 km\/h. Na stanici Brno-\u017dabov\u0159esky, um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00edce v\u00a0centru, byl maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1raz 59 km\/h. Na stanici v\u00a0Tu\u0159anech napr\u0161elo 18 mm, zat\u00edmco v\u00a0\u017dabov\u0159esk\u00e1ch pouze 4 mm. To tak\u00e9 dob\u0159e ilustruje velmi lok\u00e1ln\u00ed charakter sr\u00e1\u017eek.<\/p>\n

A\u010dkoliv by se na prvn\u00ed pohled dalo p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee se v\u00a0d\u016fsledku v\u00fdrazn\u00e9ho zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed rychlosti v\u011btru a nav\u00edc v\u00a0kombinaci se sr\u00e1\u017ekami (sr\u00e1\u017eky pevn\u00e9ho i kapaln\u00e9ho skupenstv\u00ed obecn\u011b sni\u017euj\u00ed koncentrace zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek v\u00a0ovzdu\u0161\u00ed) v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, na n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u00edstech se tato meteorologick\u00e1 situace projevila zcela opa\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0jednom z\u00a0p\u0159edchoz\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f<\/a> jsme psali o stavu na stanici Brno-Zvona\u0159ka, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 i v\u00a0tuto chv\u00edli nejv\u00edce p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed imisn\u00edho limitu pro 24h koncentraci suspendovan\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic PM10<\/sub>. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou jsou zde jednozna\u010dn\u011b intenzivn\u00ed stavebn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed na n\u011bkolika m\u00edstech v\u00a0bl\u00edzk\u00e9m okol\u00ed stanice. Upozor\u0148ovali jsme tak\u00e9 na probl\u00e9m nep\u0159ikr\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed stavebn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu, probl\u00e9m vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed deponie stavebn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu v\u00a0bl\u00edzk\u00e9m okol\u00ed a s\u00a0t\u00edm spojen\u00e9 rozfouk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prachu do okol\u00ed a v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 resuspenzi. Z\u00a0videa kter\u00e9 je zobrazeno n\u00ed\u017ee je dob\u0159e patrn\u00e9, \u017ee se do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ed bou\u0159kou vzn\u00e1\u0161ela doslova oblaka prachu. Koncentrace prachov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic proto prudce narostly a n\u00e1sledn\u011b po bou\u0159ce vzhledem ke sr\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1m naopak prudce klesly a to a\u017e na hodnotu ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e jak\u00e1 byla p\u0159ed bou\u0159kou. Nejv\u00edce se to pak projevilo pr\u00e1v\u011b na stanic\u00edch bl\u00edzko staveni\u0161\u0165.<\/p>\n

\nhttps:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/prach.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n

Pra\u0161nost v d\u016fsledku vysok\u00e9 rychlosti v\u011btru v okol\u00ed Doln\u00edho n\u00e1dra\u017e\u00ed a Zvona\u0159ky v Brn\u011b, 1. 7. 2019, 15:41 SEL\u010c. Video: J\u00e1chym Brzezina<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Teplota vzduchu<\/h2>\n

Nejprve se pod\u00edvejme na graf teploty vzduchu ze stanic imisn\u00edho monitoringu v Brn\u011b. Je zde dob\u0159e patrn\u00fd typick\u00fd denn\u00ed trend – nejprve rann\u00ed pokles, n\u00e1sledn\u011b r\u016fst, ale kolem 14 h (\u010dasy v grafu jsou v UTC, tak\u017ee v 16 h SEL\u010c) doch\u00e1z\u00ed k prudk\u00e9mu propadu z p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 35 \u00b0C a\u017e na 20 \u00b0C a to zcela shodn\u011b na v\u0161ech brn\u011bnsk\u00fdch stanic\u00edch.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Pr\u016fb\u011bh teploty vzduchu na brn\u011bnsk\u00fdch stanic\u00edch imisn\u00edho monitoringu, 1. \u010dervence 2019. \u010casy v UTC.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

Suspendovan\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice PM10<\/sub><\/h2>\n

V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b suspendovan\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic je dob\u0159e patrn\u00fd velk\u00fd rozd\u00edl vlivu bou\u0159ky a vysok\u00e9 rychlosti v\u011btru na koncentrace na jednotliv\u00fdch stanic\u00edch. Nejv\u00edce stavebn\u00edch prac\u00ed moment\u00e1ln\u011b prob\u00edh\u00e1 v okol\u00ed nedaleko od sebe vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch stanic Brno-Zvona\u0159ka a Brno-Masn\u00e1. Pr\u00e1v\u011b u t\u011bchto dvou stanic byl zaznamen\u00e1n nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fst, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b stanice Brno-Masn\u00e1 vzrostla hodinov\u00e1 koncentrace PM10<\/sub> a\u017e na 113,0 \u00b5g\/m3<\/sup>, na Zvona\u0159ce na 96,5 \u00b5g\/m3<\/sup>. N\u00e1r\u016fst je v\u0161ak patrn\u00fd i na dal\u0161\u00edch stanic\u00edch, co\u017e pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b souvis\u00ed s vysok\u00fdmi teplotami a suchem v p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch dnech a s t\u00edm spojen\u00e9m v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed prachu na chodn\u00edc\u00edch, vozovk\u00e1ch apod. Kdy\u017e potom krom\u011b vysok\u00e9 rychlosti v\u011btru za\u010dalo i intenzivn\u011b pr\u0161et, koncentrace prachov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic op\u011bt rychle klesly a to a\u017e na hodnoty ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e byly ty p\u0159ed bou\u0159kou.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Pr\u016fb\u011bh koncentrace PM10<\/sub> na brn\u011bnsk\u00fdch stanic\u00edch imisn\u00edho monitoringu, 1. \u010dervence 2019. \u010casy v UTC.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Oxid dusi\u010dit\u00fd (NO2<\/sub>)<\/h2>\n

Hlavn\u00edm zdrojem NO2<\/sub> v Brn\u011b je doprava. Vysok\u00e9 koncentrace tedy zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1me zejm\u00e9na na dopravn\u00edch stanic\u00edch. Pokud se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na graf pr\u016fb\u011bhu koncentrac\u00ed NO2<\/sub> 1. \u010dervence 2019 je dob\u0159e vid\u011bt rann\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fst b\u011bhem dopravn\u00ed \u0161pi\u010dky a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pr\u00e1v\u011b na t\u0159ech dopravn\u011b nejzat\u00ed\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00edch stanic\u00edch \u00davoz (hot spot), Zvona\u0159ka a Svatoplukova. P\u0159i zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed rychlosti v\u011btru kolem 16 h SEL\u010c doch\u00e1z\u00ed k prudk\u00e9mu propadu koncentrac\u00ed (zlep\u0161uj\u00ed se rozptylov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky a NO2<\/sub> na rozd\u00edl od prachov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic nen\u00ed rozfouk\u00e1v\u00e1n z povrchu) na v\u0161ech stanic\u00edch, av\u0161ak po skon\u010den\u00ed bou\u0159ky a op\u011btovn\u00e9m sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rychlosti v\u011btru koncentrace na toto\u017en\u00fdch dopravn\u00edch stanic\u00edch op\u011bt v d\u016fsledku pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed dopravy vzrostly. Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pak vid\u00edme op\u011bt ve\u010der s utlumen\u00edm dopravn\u00ed intenzity.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Pr\u016fb\u011bh koncentrace NO2<\/sub> na brn\u011bnsk\u00fdch stanic\u00edch imisn\u00edho monitoringu, 1. \u010dervence 2019. \u010casy v UTC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n

Jak je tedy vid\u011bt z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch graf\u016f, obecn\u011b platn\u00e9 pravidlo nemus\u00ed v\u017edy b\u00fdt platn\u00e9 a je t\u0159eba podrobn\u011b sledovat i okol\u00ed a zn\u00e1t podm\u00ednky v dan\u00fd moment na dan\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b. U NO2<\/sub> je dob\u0159e vid\u011bt chod, kter\u00fd lze p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch rychlostech v\u011btru o\u010dek\u00e1vat, u suspendovan\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic je chod p\u0159esn\u011b opa\u010dn\u00fd, co\u017e pro dan\u00e9 stanice tak\u00e9 bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 o\u010dek\u00e1vat vzhledem k jejich poloze a \u010dinnostem v okol\u00ed. Stejn\u011b tak dan\u00e1 data a video potvrzuj\u00ed d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed popis<\/a> o situaci kolem stanice Brno-Zvona\u0159ka a potvrzuj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitost jednoho z doporu\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00fdm bylo p\u0159ikr\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed stavebn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu v okol\u00ed, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo pr\u00e1v\u011b tomu, co se stalo 1. \u010dervence.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hodnocen\u00ed kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed nen\u00ed jednoduch\u00fd \u00fakol. Jak jsme popsali v\u00a0p\u0159edchoz\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch na blogu, existuje obrovsk\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la faktor\u016f, kter\u00e9 zap\u0159\u00ed\u010di\u0148uj\u00ed to, jak\u00e9 jsou v\u00a0dan\u00e9 lokalit\u011b kr\u00e1tkodob\u011b i dlouhodob\u011b koncentrace konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky. Pat\u0159\u00ed sem nap\u0159\u00edklad zdroje zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0okol\u00ed, meteorologick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky nebo okoln\u00ed ter\u00e9n. Z\u00a0meteorologick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek ovliv\u0148uje kvalitu ovzdu\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm rychlost a sm\u011br v\u011btru, d\u00e1le intenzita slune\u010dn\u00edho […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2578,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5],"tags":[56,137,138,139],"coauthors":[19],"class_list":["post-2567","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ovzdusi","tag-analyza","tag-bourka","tag-prachove-castice","tag-stavebni-prace","entry","has-media"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/bourkaImgVideo.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pa1A1I-Fp","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2567","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2567"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2567\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2587,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2567\/revisions\/2587"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2578"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2567"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2567"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2567"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=2567"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}