{"id":2276,"date":"2019-03-22T18:41:10","date_gmt":"2019-03-22T17:41:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/?p=2276"},"modified":"2019-03-22T18:41:10","modified_gmt":"2019-03-22T17:41:10","slug":"odpadove-forum-2019","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/2019\/03\/22\/odpadove-forum-2019\/","title":{"rendered":"Odpadov\u00e9 forum 2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><em>S\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/author\/sarkaantosova\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kolegyn\u00ed<\/a> jsme se tento t\u00fdden m\u011bli mo\u017enost z\u00fa\u010dastnit ji\u017e 14. ro\u010dn\u00edku t\u0159\u00eddenn\u00ed konference Odpadov\u00e9 forum, kter\u00e1 se v\u011bnovala mj. kvalit\u011b ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, kvalit\u011b vod, ob\u011bhov\u00e9mu hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed \u010di odpad\u016fm. V\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku se pokus\u00edme popsat n\u011bkter\u00e9 zaj\u00edmavosti a informace, kter\u00e9 b\u011bhem p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ek zazn\u011bly, ale i obecn\u011b nast\u00ednit situaci ohledn\u011b odpad\u016f v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice, Evrop\u011b i cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nejprve si uvedeme kr\u00e1tk\u00fd souhrn, o \u010dem se vlastn\u011b mluvilo, n\u00e1sledn\u011b se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na n\u011bkter\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 koncepty v\u00a0odpadov\u00e9m hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a zaj\u00edmavosti, kter\u00e9 jste pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b o odpadech nev\u011bd\u011bli.<\/p>\n<h2>Diskutovan\u00e1 t\u00e9mata<\/h2>\n<p>Sekce v\u011bnovan\u00e1 <strong>kvalit\u011b vod<\/strong> se v\u011bnovala nap\u0159\u00edklad problematice zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti separace n\u011bkter\u00fdch slou\u010denin z\u00a0vody, vyu\u017eit\u00ed oxidu grafenu k\u00a0dekontaminaci vod od t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch kov\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch polutant\u016f a nov\u00fdm potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm metod\u00e1m odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch kov\u016f z\u00a0kontaminovan\u00fdch vod nebo \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a znovuvyu\u017eit\u00ed odpadn\u00edch vod.<\/p>\n<p>\u010c\u00e1st v\u011bnovan\u00e1 <strong>kvalit\u011b ovzdu\u0161\u00ed<\/strong> se v\u011bnovala nap\u0159\u00edklad \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed spalin, sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed (nap\u0159\u00edklad rtuti) vyu\u017eit\u00edm pop\u00edlku a modifikovan\u00fdch zeolit\u016f, z\u00e1chytem CO<sub>2<\/sub> a d\u00fdmu.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdznamn\u011b byly zastoupeny tak\u00e9 p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky na t\u00e9ma <strong>ob\u011bhov\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed<\/strong>, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b byla pozornost v\u011bnov\u00e1na nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b odpadov\u00e9 legislativy \u010cR, ochran\u011b zdrav\u00ed v\u00a0kontextu ob\u011bhov\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, materi\u00e1lov\u00fdm inovac\u00edm, bioplast\u016fm \u010di kal\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0posledn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti se pak hovo\u0159ilo o <strong>odpadech<\/strong> \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad metod\u00e1m zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed odpad\u016f mlet\u00edm, vyu\u017eit\u00ed \u0161kv\u00e1ry ze ZEVO (za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro energetick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed odpad\u016f) \u010di n\u00e1vrhu svozov\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u016f odpadu.<\/p>\n<p>Kompletn\u00ed p\u0159ehled p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ek je k\u00a0dispozici <a href=\"https:\/\/tretiruka.cz\/_files\/200008144-d01c4d115f\/TVIP_OF_2019.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">zde<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Konference v roce 2019 se zam\u011b\u0159ila p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na koncept <strong>cirkul\u00e1rn\u00ed ekonomiky.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Cirkul\u00e1rn\u00ed ekonomika<\/h2>\n<p>Pro n\u011bkoho m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pojem \u201ecirkul\u00e1rn\u00ed ekonomika\u201c zcela nov\u00fd. Co p\u0159esn\u011b si tedy pod t\u00edmto pojmem p\u0159edstavit? Jedn\u00e1 se o koncept, ve kter\u00e9m nen\u00ed v\u00a0ide\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b produkov\u00e1n \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd odpad. Jedn\u00e1 se tedy v\u00a0podstat\u011b o uzav\u0159en\u00fd kruh ob\u011bhu materi\u00e1l\u016f a jeho opakem je tzv. line\u00e1rn\u00ed ekonomika.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2279\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2279\" style=\"width: 586px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/linearEconomy.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2279 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/linearEconomy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"586\" height=\"73\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/linearEconomy.jpg 586w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/linearEconomy-300x37.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 586px) 100vw, 586px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2279\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>z\u00e1kladn\u00ed sch\u00e9ma line\u00e1rn\u00ed ekonomiky<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2278\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2278\" style=\"width: 431px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/circularEconomy2.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2278 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/circularEconomy2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"431\" height=\"455\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/circularEconomy2.jpg 431w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/circularEconomy2-284x300.jpg 284w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 431px) 100vw, 431px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2278\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>z\u00e1kladn\u00ed sch\u00e9ma cirkul\u00e1rn\u00ed ekonomiky<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fd koncept cirkul\u00e1rn\u00ed ekonomiky je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b v\u00a0praxi nere\u00e1ln\u00fd, zcela recyklovat a v\u0161e znovu vyu\u017e\u00edt nen\u00ed 100% mo\u017en\u00e9 \u2013 ur\u010dit\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed zbytkov\u00e9ho odpadu tedy vznik\u00e1. Hlavn\u00edmi z\u00e1sadami cirkul\u00e1rn\u00ed ekonomiky je \u00faspora materi\u00e1l\u016f, op\u011btovn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed, opravy a obecn\u011b maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed potenci\u00e1lu v\u00fdrobku. N\u011bkdy se tento koncept ozna\u010duje tak\u00e9 jako \u201eob\u011bhov\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed\u201c. Cel\u00fd koncept je pak naprosto ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed <strong>udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje<\/strong>, stejn\u011b jako nap\u0159\u00edklad sd\u00edlen\u00e1 ekonomika nebo recyklace.<\/p>\n<p>Mno\u017estv\u00ed zdroj\u016f a surovin je omezen\u00e9 a je tedy nutn\u00e9 jimi nepl\u00fdtvat. Nav\u00edc se neust\u00e1le hromad\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00e9 a vy\u0159azen\u00e9 produkty, kter\u00e9 nejsou, nebo nelze zcela zlikvidovat. Vznik\u00e1 velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed odpadu a cirkul\u00e1rn\u00ed ekonomika je jedin\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, jak dlouhodob\u011b \u0159e\u0161it celosv\u011btov\u00fd obrovsk\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst spot\u0159eby a odpadu. V\u00a0ide\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by m\u011bla cirkul\u00e1rn\u00ed ekonomika zajistit jak ekonomick\u00fd zisk (v dlouhodob\u00e9m hledisku, v\u00a0prvopo\u010d\u00e1tku je t\u0159eba nap\u0159\u00edklad zm\u011bnit v\u00fdrobn\u00ed procesy a s\u00a0t\u00edm jsou spojen\u00e9 investice), tak ochrana \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2277\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2277\" style=\"width: 833px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/circularEconomy.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2277 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/circularEconomy.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"833\" height=\"779\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/circularEconomy.png 833w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/circularEconomy-300x281.png 300w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/circularEconomy-768x718.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 833px) 100vw, 833px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2277\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>zjednodu\u0161en\u00e9 sch\u00e9ma cirkul\u00e1rn\u00ed ekonomiky, upraveno podle European Parliamentary Research Service<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Proces p\u0159echodu od line\u00e1rn\u00ed k\u00a0cirkul\u00e1rn\u00ed ekonomice je t\u0159eba vn\u00edmat v\u00a0\u0161ir\u0161\u00edm kontextu. Evropsk\u00e1 unie pova\u017euje p\u0159echod na cirkul\u00e1rn\u00ed ekonomiku jako jednu ze sv\u00fdch priorit a st\u00e1ty by m\u011bly opou\u0161t\u011bt od spalov\u00e1n\u00ed a skl\u00e1dkov\u00e1n\u00ed a nam\u00edsto toho se sna\u017eit produkty d\u00e1le vyu\u017e\u00edt (recyklovat) a je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce se sna\u017eit v\u00a0co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e eliminovat samotn\u00fd vznik odpadu.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0odpadem vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 EU n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed <strong>hierarchii<\/strong>, kde jsou polo\u017eky se\u0159azeny podle toho, jak jsou v\u00fdhodn\u00e9, od nejv\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed po nejm\u00e9n\u011b v\u00fdhodnou:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><em><strong>eliminace odpadu<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 prevence a znovuvyu\u017eit\u00ed. Pat\u0159\u00ed sem nap\u0159\u00edklad redukce obal\u016f nebo v\u00fdroba produkt\u016f s\u00a0del\u0161\u00ed \u017eivotnost\u00ed. Sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e o nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0odpady zde hraje roli design v\u00fdrobku.<\/li>\n<li><em><strong>recyklace nebo kompostov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad recyklace pap\u00edru, skla, plastu, d\u0159eva, textili\u00ed, kov\u016f apod.<\/li>\n<li><em><strong>spalov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> <\/em>\u2013 zaji\u0161\u0165uje alespo\u0148 energetick\u00e9 zisky<\/li>\n<li><em><strong>skl\u00e1dkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Z\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho seznamu je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee nejlep\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, jak nalo\u017eit s\u00a0odpadem, je odpad v\u016fbec nevytvo\u0159it. Rapidn\u011b toti\u017e roste tak\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b zpracovan\u00fdch surovin a tak i p\u0159i 100% recyklaci by bylo pot\u0159eba nad\u00e1le \u010derpat suroviny. V\u00a0obdob\u00ed 2010 a\u017e 2030 se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 zdvojn\u00e1soben\u00ed celosv\u011btov\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed surovin ro\u010dn\u011b. Evropa v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti importuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b polovinu zdroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1. Evropsk\u00e1 komise vyhodnotila tzv. <strong>kritick\u00e9 suroviny<\/strong>, jejich\u017e absence by m\u011bla v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 dopady a kter\u00e9 EU dov\u00e1\u017e\u00ed. Nejv\u00edce t\u011bchto kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch surovin dov\u00e1\u017e\u00ed Evropa z\u00a0\u010c\u00edny a k\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm dodavatel\u016fm pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad USA a Braz\u00edlie. \u010c\u00edna nap\u0159\u00edklad produkuje 87 % sv\u011btov\u00e9 produkce antimonu, 82 % bismutu, 87 % ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku, 69 % p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho grafitu, Braz\u00edlie produkuje 90 % celosv\u011btov\u00e9 produkce niobu, USA 90 % beryllia a 73 % helia, Rusko 46 % paladia a nap\u0159\u00edklad Jihoafrick\u00e1 republika 70 % platiny, 85 % iridia, 93 % ruthenia a 83 % rhodia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Evropsk\u00e1 fakta<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>z celkov\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed odpadu v EU p\u0159ipad\u00e1 34 % na stavebnictv\u00ed, 30 % na t\u011b\u017ebu uhl\u00ed a kamene, 10 % na v\u00fdrobu, 8 % na dom\u00e1cnosti, 1 % na zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a 17 % jin\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>nejv\u00edce komun\u00e1ln\u00edho odpadu<\/strong> v\u00a0Evrop\u011b (kg\/osobu) produkovalo v\u00a0roce 2016 D\u00e1nsko (777 kg\/osoba). Z\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed m\u00e1 vysok\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed odpadu na osobu nap\u0159\u00edklad tak\u00e9 N\u011bmecko (626 kg\/osoba) a Rakousko (564 kg\/osoba). Evropsk\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br pak \u010din\u00ed 482 kg\/osobu. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika je na tom v\u00a0tomto ohledu v\u00a0evropsk\u00e9m kontextu velmi dob\u0159e \u2013 na osobu zde p\u0159ipad\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 339 kg odpadu a m\u00e9n\u011b v\u00a0EU u\u017e m\u00e1 jen Polsko (307 kg\/osoba) a Rumunsko (261 kg\/osoba). Na druhou stranu nelichotiv\u00fdm faktem je, \u017ee se v\u00a0obdob\u00ed 2005-2016 mno\u017estv\u00ed odpadu na osobu v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice zv\u00fd\u0161ilo (naopak v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch do\u0161lo k\u00a0poklesu).<\/li>\n<li>z\u00a0dat Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu (za rok 2016) d\u00e1le vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee <strong>nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl recyklace a kompostov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> m\u00e1 N\u011bmecko (66 %), Rakousko (59 %) a Slovinsko (58 %, data za rok 2015). Evropsk\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br \u010din\u00ed 47 % a \u010cesk\u00e1 republika podle t\u011bchto \u00fadaj\u016f v\u00a0roce 2016 recyklovala a kompostovala 34 % odpadu. Nejm\u00e9n\u011b to pak v\u00a0Evrop\u011b bylo na Malt\u011b (8 %), v\u00a0Rumunsku (15 %) a v \u0158ecku (17 %). Na <strong>skl\u00e1dk\u00e1ch<\/strong> kon\u010d\u00ed nejv\u00edce odpadu na Malt\u011b (92 %), v\u00a0\u0158ecku (82 %), na Kypru (81 %), v\u00a0Rumunsku (80 %), Chorvatsku (78 %) a v\u00edce ne\u017e 70 % odpadu se na skl\u00e1dk\u00e1ch ocitlo tak\u00e9 v\u00a0Loty\u0161sku (72 %). Evropsk\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br byl 25 % a v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice to v\u00a0roce 2016 bylo p\u0159esn\u011b 50 %. Na opa\u010dn\u00e9m, pozitivn\u00edm, konci \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku je n\u011bkolik zem\u00ed, kde se skl\u00e1dkuje pouze 1 % odpadu \u2013 jsou to D\u00e1nsko, N\u011bmecko, Nizozemsko, \u0160v\u00e9dsko a Belgie. V\u00a0t\u011bchto zem\u00edch se drtiv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina odpadu bu\u010f recykluje, nebo spaluje.<\/li>\n<li>v\u00e1hov\u011b p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na <strong>obaly<\/strong> 3 % ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho odpadu produkovan\u00e9ho v\u00a0EU, 41 % tohoto obalov\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed pap\u00edrov\u00e9 kartony, 19 % plasty, 19 % sklo, 16 % d\u0159evo a 5 % kov. V\u00a0roce 2016 bylo z\u00a0tohoto mno\u017estv\u00ed recyklov\u00e1no 67 % (85 % pap\u00edru, 78 % kov\u016f, 74 % skla, 42 % plast\u016f, 40 % d\u0159eva).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u010cesk\u00e1 republika<\/h2>\n<p>Podrobn\u00e9 informace o odpadech v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice poskytuje Informa\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m odpadov\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed (ISOH), kter\u00fd za\u0161ti\u0165uje Ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a provozuje CENIA. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed body ukazuj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e1 zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 fakta o nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0odpady v\u00a0roce 2017, detailn\u00ed informace naleznete na <a href=\"https:\/\/isoh.mzp.cz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/isoh.mzp.cz\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Produkce odpadu podle kraj\u016f:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nejv\u00edce odpadu (kg\/osobu) produkuj\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 \u00dasteck\u00e9ho kraje (4382), d\u00e1le Hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Praha (3656) a Jiho\u010desk\u00fd kraj (3597). Naopak nejm\u00e9n\u011b Zl\u00ednsk\u00fd kraj (2173), Olomouck\u00fd kraj (2280), Kraj Vyso\u010dina (2696), Moravskoslezsk\u00fd kraj (2729) a Jihomoravsk\u00fd kraj (2824).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pod\u00edl jednotliv\u00fdch skupin na celkov\u00e9 produkci v\u0161ech odpad\u016f (2017):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>60 % &#8211; stavebn\u00ed a demoli\u010dn\u00ed odpady<\/li>\n<li>16 % &#8211; komun\u00e1ln\u00ed odpady<\/li>\n<li>8 % &#8211; odpady ze za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>5 % &#8211; odpady z\u00a0tepeln\u00fdch proces\u016f<\/li>\n<li>4 % &#8211; odpadn\u00ed obaly<\/li>\n<li>7 % &#8211; ostatn\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Celkov\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed odpad\u016f od roku 2013 <strong>pozvolna stoup\u00e1<\/strong> (30\u00a0621 tis\u00edc t v\u00a0roce 2013, 34\u00a0513 tis\u00edc tun v\u00a0roce 2017). Na nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd odpad p\u0159ipad\u00e1 4,4 % ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho odpadu. V\u00a0p\u0159epo\u010dtu na obyvatele jsou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed producenti <strong>komun\u00e1ln\u00edho odpadu<\/strong> obyvatel\u00e9 Hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Prahy (596 kg\/osoba\/rok), naopak nejm\u00e9n\u011b komun\u00e1ln\u00edho odpadu produkuj\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 Jihomoravsk\u00e9ho kraje (484 kg\/osoba\/rok). Meziro\u010dn\u011b do\u0161lo v\u00a0\u010cR v roce 2017 k\u00a01,2% n\u00e1r\u016fstu produkce komun\u00e1ln\u00edho odpadu na osobu. Celkov\u011b vyprodukovala \u010cesk\u00e1 republika v roce 2017 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 34,5 milion\u016f tun odpadu.<\/p>\n<div class=\"su-box su-box-style-soft\" id=\"\" style=\"border-color:#cc8787;border-radius:9px\"><div class=\"su-box-title\" style=\"background-color:#ffbaba;color:#000000;border-top-left-radius:7px;border-top-right-radius:7px\">\u010cast\u00e9 chyby p\u0159i t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed odpadu<\/div><div class=\"su-box-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"border-bottom-left-radius:7px;border-bottom-right-radius:7px\">\n<p>N\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00fd seznam uv\u00e1d\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 z \u010dast\u00fdch chyb p\u0159i t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed odpadu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><strong>obal od vajec<\/strong><\/em> &#8211; a\u010d se m\u016f\u017ee na prvn\u00ed pohled zd\u00e1t, \u017ee pat\u0159\u00ed obaly od vajec do modr\u00e9ho kontejneru s pap\u00edrem. Jedn\u00e1 se v\u0161ak ji\u017e o recyklovan\u00fd pap\u00edr a jeho opakovan\u00e1 recyklace je problematick\u00e1, proto pat\u0159\u00ed do sm\u011bsn\u00e9ho odpadu.<\/li>\n<li><em><strong>ruli\u010dky toaletn\u00edho pap\u00edru<\/strong><\/em><em> &#8211;\u00a0<\/em>podobn\u011b jako obaly od vajec pat\u0159\u00ed ruli\u010dky toaletn\u00edho pap\u00edru z ji\u017e recyklovan\u00e9ho pap\u00edru bu\u010f o sm\u011bsn\u00e9ho odpadu nebo na kompost.<\/li>\n<li><em><strong>zrcadla<\/strong> <\/em>&#8211; sklen\u011bn\u00e1 vrstva zrcadla je pokryta vrstvou kovu, proto se nesm\u00ed vyhazovat do zelen\u00e9ho kontejneru na sklo. Spr\u00e1vn\u011b je tedy vyhodit zrcadlo do sm\u011bsn\u00e9ho odpadu. Do skla d\u00e1le nepat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad autosklo nebo l\u00e1hve od chemik\u00e1li\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><em><strong>baterie<\/strong> <\/em>&#8211; vyhodit baterie do sm\u011bsn\u00e9ho odpadu je jedn\u00edm z nejz\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch proh\u0159e\u0161ku, kter\u00e9ho se p\u0159i t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed odpadu m\u016f\u017eete dopustit. Baterie \u010dasto obsahuj\u00ed toxick\u00e9 t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 kovy a jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd odpad. Pat\u0159\u00ed do speci\u00e1ln\u00edch n\u00e1dob ur\u010den\u00fdch pro vybit\u00e9 baterie, \u010dasto je najdete nap\u0159\u00edklad ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch supermarketech.<\/li>\n<li><em><strong>l\u00e9ky\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><em> &#8211;\u00a0<\/em>medikamenty nepat\u0159\u00ed ani sm\u011bsn\u00e9ho odpadu, ani do z\u00e1chodov\u00e9 m\u00edsy. M\u016f\u017ee tak doj\u00edt k ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed kontaminaci p\u016fdy \u010di vody a ani \u010dist\u00edrny se nemus\u00ed s takovouto kontaminac\u00ed 100% poradit. Jedin\u00fdm spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm je odn\u00e9st star\u00e9 nepou\u017eit\u00e9 l\u00e9ky do l\u00e9k\u00e1rny, kde v\u00e1m je bezplatn\u011b p\u0159ijmou.<\/li>\n<li><em><strong>polystyren\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><em>&#8211;\u00a0<\/em>tento materi\u00e1l m\u016f\u017eete s klidn\u00fdm sv\u011bdom\u00edm vyhodit do kontejneru na plasty. V\u00fdjimkou je polystyren pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd ve stavebnictv\u00ed, pokud je tento zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad kusy om\u00edtky nebo jinak chemicky.<\/li>\n<li><em><strong>zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd pap\u00edr\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>&#8211; zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd pap\u00edr by ji\u017e nem\u011bl b\u00fdt vyhazov\u00e1n k recyklaci do pap\u00edrov\u00e9ho kontejneru. Jedn\u00e1 se nap\u0159\u00edklad o pou\u017eit\u00e9 pap\u00edrov\u00e9 kapesn\u00ed\u010dky, pleny nebo uma\u0161t\u011bnou krabici od pizzy.<\/li>\n<li><em><strong>myt\u00ed plastov\u00e9ho odpadu &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>\u0159ada lid\u00ed se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee mus\u00ed b\u00fdt plasty (nap\u0159\u00edklad kel\u00edmky od jogurtu) d\u016fkladn\u011b umyt\u00e9. Ve skute\u010dnosti tomu tak nen\u00ed, sta\u010d\u00ed jej o\u010distit od velk\u00fdch ne\u010distot. V\u00fdjimku tvo\u0159\u00ed odstran\u011bn\u00ed mastnoty, kter\u00e9 je nutn\u00e9 (nap\u0159\u00edklad d\u016fkladn\u00e9 vymyt\u00ed plastov\u00e9 n\u00e1doby od oleje). Stejn\u011b tak nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba p\u0159i t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed pap\u00edru pracn\u011b odstra\u0148ovat svorky a dal\u0161\u00ed drobn\u00e9 kovov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti, p\u0159i recyklaci jsou odstra\u0148ov\u00e1ny.<\/li>\n<li><em><strong>keramika &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>keramiku nevhazujte do odpadu se sklem. Pat\u0159\u00ed do sm\u011bsn\u00e9ho odpadu.<\/li>\n<li><em><strong>obaly od chips\u016f a su\u0161enek\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>&#8211; pokud je vnit\u0159n\u00ed strana obalu pokryta st\u0159\u00edbrnou vrstvou pat\u0159\u00ed nikoliv do pap\u00edru, ale do plastu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p>Jak jsme si uk\u00e1zali na evropsk\u00fdch datech, v n\u011bkolika evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch je skl\u00e1dkov\u00e1n\u00ed zak\u00e1z\u00e1no. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se ji\u017e r\u00fdsuje <strong>nov\u00e1 legislativa a podoba z\u00e1kona o odpadech<\/strong>. Od 1. 1. 2024 m\u011blo b\u00fdt dle nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona m\u011blo b\u00fdt v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice zak\u00e1z\u00e1no ukl\u00e1dat na skl\u00e1dky sm\u011bsn\u00fd komun\u00e1ln\u00ed odpad a recyklovateln\u00e9 a vyu\u017eiteln\u00e9 odpady. Op\u011bt se v\u0161ak nyn\u00ed za\u010dalo hovo\u0159it o mo\u017en\u00e9m <strong>odkladu<\/strong> za\u010d\u00e1tku platnosti tohoto na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a to a\u017e na 1. 1. 2030. D\u016fvodem m\u00e1 b\u00fdt v\u00edce \u010dasu na vznik kapacity na vyu\u017eit\u00ed t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00e9ho odpadu a zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed skokov\u00e9ho zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f samospr\u00e1v na odpadov\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. Zda je 6let\u00fd posun vhodn\u00fdm &#8222;\u0159e\u0161en\u00edm&#8220; nech\u0165 posoud\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159 s\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<div class=\"su-box su-box-style-soft\" id=\"\" style=\"border-color:#1c9452;border-radius:9px\"><div class=\"su-box-title\" style=\"background-color:#4fc785;color:#000000;border-top-left-radius:7px;border-top-right-radius:7px\">Bioplasty<\/div><div class=\"su-box-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"border-bottom-left-radius:7px;border-bottom-right-radius:7px\">Na konferenci padlo tak\u00e9 n\u011bkolik zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch informac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 drtiv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina populace o recyklaci nev\u00ed. Jednou z nich byla nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ka zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se mj. <strong>bioplasty<\/strong>. Jedn\u00e1 se o plasty vyroben\u00e9 z p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch polymer\u016f a z toho plyne, \u017ee je lze ekologicky jak vyrobit, tak zlikvidovat (tzv. biodegradibilita). Tady vznik\u00e1 prvn\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed iluze &#8211; pokud takov\u00fdto plast pohod\u00edte v lese, rozhodn\u011b nedojde k jeho brzk\u00e9mu samorozlo\u017een\u00ed. V\u00fdroba t\u011bchto materi\u00e1l\u016f u\u017e tak ekologick\u00e1 nen\u00ed, vstupn\u00ed suroviny je pot\u0159eba vyp\u011bstovat a to s sebou p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed \u0159adu neekologick\u00fdch proces\u016f a spot\u0159ebu energie. Je\u0161t\u011b slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je v\u0161ak likvidace bioplast\u016f. V z\u00e1sad\u011b existuj\u00ed dva typy &#8211; biodegradibiln\u00ed plasty a oxodegradibiln\u00ed plasty. Prvn\u00ed zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 se rozkl\u00e1daj\u00ed vlivem p\u016fsoben\u00ed mikroorganizm\u016f a bakteri\u00ed, ty druh\u00e9 vlivem slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, kysl\u00edku a tepla. Z\u00e1sadn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem a neznalost\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161iny lid\u00ed je fakt, \u017ee tyto typy plast\u016f, a\u010d na prvn\u00ed pohled vypadaj\u00ed toto\u017en\u011b, nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 vyhazovat do \u017elut\u00fdch recykla\u010dn\u00edch kontejner\u016f na plast. P\u0159\u00edm\u011bs n\u011bkter\u00fdch typ\u016f bioplast\u016f m\u016f\u017ee laicky \u0159e\u010deno &#8222;kontaminovat&#8220; ostatn\u00ed plasty a v\u00fdrazn\u011b omezit \u010di zabr\u00e1nit jejich budouc\u00ed recyklaci. Spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem je tedy vyhodit tento typ plastu do sm\u011bsn\u00e9ho odpadu.<\/div><\/div>\n<h2>Co m\u016f\u017eu d\u011blat?<\/h2>\n<p>Jednou z nejhor\u0161\u00edch cest, kterou se \u010dlov\u011bk v tomto ohledu m\u016f\u017ee vydat je iluze &#8222;moje \u010dinnost je zcela zanedbateln\u00e1 a J\u00c1 ni\u010demu pomoc nem\u016f\u017eu&#8220; &#8211; do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry pravda, na druhou stranu to p\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1 b\u00fdti pravdou, pokud se k probl\u00e9mu postav\u00ed stejn\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed miliardy obyvatel Zem\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Jednozna\u010dn\u011b nejlep\u0161\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm jak nakl\u00e1dat s odpady je v co nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e vznik odpadu eliminovat. To by m\u011blo b\u00fdt snahou ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, a\u017e na druh\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b je to pak snaha o recyklaci a ekologickou likvidaci jednotliv\u00fdch slo\u017eek odpadu. Krom\u011b eliminace je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b cestou tak\u00e9 prodlou\u017een\u00ed \u017eivotnosti produkt\u016f \u010di jejich opakovan\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed &#8211; nap\u0159\u00edklad no\u0161en\u00ed vlastn\u00ed ta\u0161ky do supermarketu m\u00edsto nakupov\u00e1n\u00ed igelitov\u00e9 ta\u0161ky p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/kontejneryOdpad.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2286\" src=\"https:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/kontejneryOdpad.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"598\" height=\"108\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/kontejneryOdpad.jpg 598w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/kontejneryOdpad-300x54.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 598px) 100vw, 598px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Jist\u00e9 bohu\u017eel je, \u017ee \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed bude tak \u010di onak vy\u017eadovat zm\u011bnu na\u0161eho chov\u00e1n\u00ed v ur\u010dit\u00fdch oblastech a to m\u016f\u017ee j\u00edt na \u00fakor na\u0161eho vlastn\u00edho pohodl\u00ed nebo v\u00edce zat\u00ed\u017eit na\u0161i pen\u011b\u017eenku. St\u00e1le nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed odpadu, kter\u00e9 glob\u00e1ln\u011b vznik\u00e1 v\u0161ak samo od sebe nezmiz\u00ed, nav\u00edc v mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech ani zat\u00edm nev\u00edme, jak zmiz\u00ed s pomoc\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti, proto je stejn\u011b tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 investovat do v\u011bdecko-v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed v tomto oboru.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S\u00a0kolegyn\u00ed jsme se tento t\u00fdden m\u011bli mo\u017enost z\u00fa\u010dastnit ji\u017e 14. ro\u010dn\u00edku t\u0159\u00eddenn\u00ed konference Odpadov\u00e9 forum, kter\u00e1 se v\u011bnovala mj. kvalit\u011b ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, kvalit\u011b vod, ob\u011bhov\u00e9mu hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed \u010di odpad\u016fm. V\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku se pokus\u00edme popsat n\u011bkter\u00e9 zaj\u00edmavosti a informace, kter\u00e9 b\u011bhem p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ek zazn\u011bly, ale i obecn\u011b nast\u00ednit situaci ohledn\u011b odpad\u016f v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice, Evrop\u011b i cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Nejprve [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2277,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[6,5],"tags":[133],"coauthors":[19],"class_list":["post-2276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-other","category-ovzdusi","tag-odpady","entry","has-media"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/circularEconomy.png","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pa1A1I-AI","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2276","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2276"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2276\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2287,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2276\/revisions\/2287"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2277"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2276"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2276"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2276"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=2276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}