{"id":2176,"date":"2019-02-15T23:08:17","date_gmt":"2019-02-15T22:08:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/?p=2176"},"modified":"2019-02-15T23:08:47","modified_gmt":"2019-02-15T22:08:47","slug":"smogove-situace-a-regulace-obecne-a-srovnani-2017-a-2018","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/2019\/02\/15\/smogove-situace-a-regulace-obecne-a-srovnani-2017-a-2018\/","title":{"rendered":"Smogov\u00e9 situace a regulace &#8211; obecn\u011b a srovn\u00e1n\u00ed 2017 a 2018"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><strong>V tomto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku se pod\u00edv\u00e1me, co je to smogov\u00e1 situace a regulace, p\u0159ehledn\u011b si uk\u00e1\u017eeme, jak\u00e1 jsou krit\u00e9ria pro jej\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a kolik takov\u00fdch situac\u00ed bylo v roce 2018 v jednotliv\u00fdch regionech v\u010detn\u011b srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s rokem 2017.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Informace ze Smogov\u00e9ho Varovn\u00e9ho a Regula\u010dn\u00edho Syst\u00e9mu (SVRS) slou\u017e\u00ed k upozorn\u011bn\u00ed na mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Od roku 2012 je SVRS upraven z\u00e1konem o ochran\u011b ovzdu\u0161\u00ed \u010d. 201\/2012, v roce 2017 prob\u011bhla novelizace, kter\u00e1 upravila podm\u00ednky vyhla\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed a odvol\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed smogov\u00fdch situac\u00ed a regulac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Term\u00edny<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>smogov\u00e1 situace<\/strong> &#8211; stav mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho ovzdu\u0161\u00ed u vybran\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky. Vyhla\u0161uje se p\u0159i spln\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch podm\u00ednek p\u0159i p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed prahov\u00e9 informativn\u00ed hodnoty.<\/li>\n<li><strong>regulace<\/strong> &#8211; stav mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, kdy je p\u0159ekro\u010dena i regula\u010dn\u00ed prahov\u00e1 hodnota (vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e informativn\u00ed). Za tohoto stavu mus\u00ed vybran\u00e9 podniky p\u0159ej\u00edt na zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed podm\u00ednky provozu a omezit vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>reprezentativn\u00ed stanice<\/strong> &#8211; p\u0159i sledov\u00e1n\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed, na z\u00e1klad\u011b kter\u00fdch jsou vyhla\u0161ov\u00e1ny a odvol\u00e1v\u00e1ny smogov\u00e9 situace a regulace, se berou v potaz pouze tzv. reprezentativn\u00ed stanice. To jsou takov\u00e9 stanice, jejich\u017e reprezentativnost m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed zahrnuje \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed oblast v okol\u00ed. Nepo\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed se sem nap\u0159\u00edklad dopravn\u00ed stanice, kter\u00e9 stoj\u00ed t\u011bsn\u011b u ru\u0161n\u00e9 dopravn\u00ed komunikace a kde sice m\u016f\u017eou b\u00fdt koncentrace vysok\u00e9, ale tento stav je platn\u00fd pouze na velmi mal\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed v bl\u00edzkosti dan\u00e9 stanice.<\/li>\n<li><strong>klouzav\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011br konstantn\u00edho po\u010dtu za sebou jdouc\u00edch obdob\u00ed. Jin\u00fdmi slovy se jedn\u00e1 o pr\u016fm\u011br, kter\u00fd nen\u00ed po\u010d\u00edtan\u00fd z konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho obdob\u00ed (nap\u0159\u00edklad 0:00-23:59), ale z dynamick\u00e9ho (klouzav\u00e9ho) obdob\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad 12h klouzav\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br v 18:00 znamen\u00e1 pr\u016fm\u011br 6:00-18:00, o hodinu pozd\u011bji, tedy v 19:00, to pak bude pr\u016fm\u011br z 07:00-19:00 apod.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Sledovan\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>suspendovan\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice PM<sub>10<\/sub><\/li>\n<li>oxid si\u0159i\u010dit\u00fd (SO<sub>2<\/sub>)<\/li>\n<li>oxid dusi\u010dit\u00fd (NO<sub>2<\/sub>)<\/li>\n<li>p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00ed ozon (O<sub>3<\/sub>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V roce 2017 do\u0161lo ke zm\u011bn\u011b v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch vyhla\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed a odvol\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed smogov\u00fdch situac\u00ed a regulac\u00ed, z toho d\u016fvodu nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 srovn\u00e1vat po\u010dty vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed v roce 2018 s lety p\u0159ed rokem 2017.<\/p>\n<p>V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee jsou smogov\u00e9 situace vyhla\u0161ov\u00e1ny v\u00fdhradn\u011b z d\u016fvodu vysok\u00fdch koncentrac\u00ed suspendovan\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic PM<sub>10<\/sub> nebo vysok\u00fdch koncentrac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00edho ozonu. U oxidu si\u0159i\u010dit\u00e9ho byla vyhl\u00e1\u0161ena pouze jedin\u00e1 smogov\u00e1 situace od roku 2010, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b v listopadu 2015 v Z\u00f3n\u011b severoz\u00e1pad po dobu 14 hodin. U oxidu dusi\u010dit\u00e9ho nebyla smogov\u00e1 situace od roku 2010 v d\u016fsledku jeho vysok\u00fdch koncentrac\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ena ani jednou.<\/p>\n<p>Vysok\u00e9 koncentrace \u010d\u00e1stic PM<sub>10<\/sub> jsou pozorov\u00e1ny v chladnou \u010d\u00e1st roku. Hlavn\u00ed d\u016fvody jsou dva &#8211; t\u00edm prvn\u00edm je nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed emisn\u00ed zdroj PM<sub>10<\/sub> v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice, kter\u00fdm jsou lok\u00e1ln\u00ed topeni\u0161t\u011b, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed logicky vliv pouze v topn\u00e9 sez\u00f3n\u011b. Druh\u00fdm d\u016fvodem jsou rozptylov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky. Z hlediska kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed jsou nejnep\u0159\u00edzniv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed situace, kdy panuje teplotn\u00ed inverze a n\u00edzk\u00e9 rychlosti v\u011btru. Takov\u00e9 situace jsou rovn\u011b\u017e typick\u00e9 pro zimn\u00ed obdob\u00ed. Naopak vysok\u00e9 koncentrace p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00edho ozonu jsou spojen\u00e9 s hork\u00fdmi a jasn\u00fdmi letn\u00edmi dny, jeliko\u017e vznik\u00e1 ozon fotochemicky za \u00fa\u010dasti slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a nem\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd zdroj. Smogov\u00e9 situace z d\u016fvodu vysok\u00fdch koncentrac\u00ed O<sub>3<\/sub> tak nast\u00e1vaj\u00ed v l\u00e9t\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme pouze na smogov\u00e9 situace a regulace vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 z d\u016fvodu vysok\u00fdch koncentrac\u00ed PM<sub>10<\/sub> a O<sub>3<\/sub>. U O<sub>3<\/sub> se vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edra zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a s t\u00edm spojen\u00fd stav neozna\u010duje jako &#8222;regulace&#8220; (jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b PM<sub>10<\/sub>), ale &#8222;varov\u00e1n\u00ed&#8220;. D\u016fvodem je fakt, \u017ee je p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00ed ozon sekund\u00e1rn\u00edm polutantem, nem\u00e1 tud\u00ed\u017e sv\u016fj prim\u00e1rn\u00ed zdroj a vznik\u00e1 sekund\u00e1rn\u00edmi reakcemi v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b tedy nelze jeho zdroj p\u0159\u00edmo regulovat.<\/p>\n<h2>PM<sub>10<\/sub><\/h2>\n<h3>Podm\u00ednky vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Podm\u00ednky vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed smogov\u00e9 situace pro PM<sub>10<\/sub>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>alespo\u0148 na polovin\u011b reprezentativn\u00edch stanic pro \u00farove\u0148 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v dan\u00e9 oblasti (p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b v\u0161ech stanic\u00edch, pokud jsou pro danou oblast reprezentativn\u00ed stanice pouze dv\u011b) p\u0159ekro\u010dil 12h klouzav\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br PM<sub>10<\/sub> informativn\u00ed prahovou hodnotu 100 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup>.<\/li>\n<li>na z\u00e1klad\u011b vyhodnocen\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdi meteorologick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek a imisn\u00ed situace se nep\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 b\u011bhem n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch 24 h pokles koncentrac\u00ed pod informativn\u00ed prahovou hodnotu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Podm\u00ednky vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed regulace pro PM<sub>10<\/sub>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>alespo\u0148 na polovin\u011b reprezentativn\u00edch stanic pro \u00farove\u0148 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v dan\u00e9 oblasti (p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b v\u0161ech stanic\u00edch, pokud jsou pro danou oblast reprezentativn\u00ed stanice pouze dv\u011b) p\u0159ekro\u010dil 12h klouzav\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br PM<sub>10<\/sub> regula\u010dn\u00ed prahovou hodnotu 150 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup>.<\/li>\n<li>na z\u00e1klad\u011b vyhodnocen\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdi meteorologick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek a imisn\u00ed situace se nep\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 b\u011bhem n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch 24 h pokles koncentrac\u00ed pod informativn\u00ed prahovou hodnotu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho je tedy vid\u011bt, \u017ee samotn\u00e9 p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed informativn\u00ed \u010di regula\u010dn\u00ed prahov\u00e9 hodnoty je\u0161t\u011b nemus\u00ed nutn\u011b znamenat skute\u010dn\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed smogov\u00e9 situace nebo regulace. O vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed smogov\u00e9 situace mus\u00ed rozhodnout meteorolog ve slu\u017eb\u011b, kter\u00fd na z\u00e1klad\u011b sv\u00e9ho zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed situace a o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9ho trendu v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch 24 h smogovou situaci nebo regulaci bu\u010f vyhl\u00e1s\u00ed, nebo nevyhl\u00e1s\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Podm\u00ednky odvol\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Podm\u00ednky odvol\u00e1n\u00ed smogov\u00e9 situace \u010di regulace pro PM<sub>10<\/sub>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>na \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed stanici reprezentativn\u00ed pro \u00farove\u0148 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v dan\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed nen\u00ed p\u0159ekro\u010dena p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 prahov\u00e1 hodnota koncentrace PM<sub>10<\/sub> a tento stav trv\u00e1 nejm\u00e9n\u011b 12 hodin (12h klouzav\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br je pod hranic\u00ed prahov\u00e9 hodnoty alespo\u0148 12 h). \u010casov\u00fd interval 12 h se zkracuje na 3 h (12h klouzav\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br je pod hranic\u00ed prahov\u00e9 hodnoty alespo\u0148 3 h) v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee meteorologick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky nelze ozna\u010dit jako podmi\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed smogovou situaci a podle meteorologick\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi je v pr\u016fb\u011bhu n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch 24 h t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 vylou\u010deno op\u011btovn\u00e9 p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 prahov\u00e9 hodnoty.<\/li>\n<li>na z\u00e1klad\u011b meteorologick\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi nen\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch 24 hodin o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1no op\u011btovn\u00e9 p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 prahov\u00e9 hodnoty<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>O<sub>3<\/sub><\/h2>\n<h3>Podm\u00ednky vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Podm\u00ednky vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed smogov\u00e9 situace pro O<sub>3<\/sub>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>alespo\u0148 na jedn\u00e9 reprezentativn\u00ed stanici v dan\u00e9 oblasti p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed hodinov\u00e1 koncentrace p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00edho ozonu informativn\u00ed prahovou hodnotu 180 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Podm\u00ednky pro vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed varov\u00e1n\u00ed pro O<sub>3<\/sub>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>alespo\u0148 na jedn\u00e9 reprezentativn\u00ed stanici v dan\u00e9 oblasti p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed hodinov\u00e1 koncentrace p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00edho ozonu varovnou prahovou hodnotu 240 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Podm\u00ednky odvol\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Podm\u00ednky odvol\u00e1n\u00ed smogov\u00e9 situace \u010di varov\u00e1n\u00ed pro O<sub>3<\/sub>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>na \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed stanici reprezentativn\u00ed pro \u00farove\u0148 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v dan\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed nen\u00ed p\u0159ekro\u010dena p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 prahov\u00e1 hodnota a tento stav trv\u00e1 minim\u00e1ln\u011b 12 hodin. Tento \u010dasov\u00fd interval se zkracuje na 3 h v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee meteorologick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky nelze ozna\u010dit jako podmi\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed smogovou situaci a podle meteorologick\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi je v pr\u016fb\u011bhu n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch 24 h t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 vylou\u010deno op\u011btovn\u00e9 p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 prahov\u00e9 hodnoty.<\/li>\n<li>na z\u00e1klad\u011b meteorologick\u00e9 situace nen\u00ed v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch 24 h o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1no op\u011btovn\u00e9 p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 hodnoty.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Co d\u011blat?<\/h2>\n<p>Smogov\u00e1 situace znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se v dan\u00e9 oblasti m\u016f\u017eou (ale nutn\u011b nemus\u00ed jeliko\u017e se m\u016f\u017eou podm\u00ednky v r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech regionu li\u0161it) vyskytovat vysok\u00e9 koncentrace p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky. To m\u016f\u017ee u ur\u010dit\u00fdch skupin osob zp\u016fsobit bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed probl\u00e9my. Mezi n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed skupiny osob se \u0159ad\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm mal\u00e9 d\u011bti, senio\u0159i, t\u011bhotn\u00e9 \u017eeny a osoby s ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00edm zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm d\u00fdchac\u00edho \u00fastroj\u00ed, kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a diabetici.<\/p>\n<p>Tito lid\u00e9 by se m\u011bli v dob\u011b smogov\u00e9 situace zdr\u017eet zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 fyzick\u00e9 aktivity ve venkovn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 je rovn\u011b\u017e zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 intenzita d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed. B\u011bhem regulace se doporu\u010duje omezit pobyt ve venkovn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed na nutn\u00e9 minimum. Pro dosp\u011bl\u00e9 osoby bez zdravotn\u00edch pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed nen\u00ed t\u0159eba b\u011bhem smogov\u00e9 situace p\u0159ij\u00edmat \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed. V dob\u011b regulace je vhodn\u00e9 omezit fyzickou aktivitu ve venkovn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Smogov\u00e9 situace v roce 2018 vs 2017<\/h2>\n<p>V roce 2018 bylo zaznamen\u00e1no n\u011bkolik smogov\u00fdch situac\u00ed a to jak &#8222;zimn\u00edho smogu&#8220; (vysok\u00e9 koncentrace PM<sub>10<\/sub>), tak &#8222;letn\u00edho smogu&#8220; (vysok\u00e9 koncentrace O<sub>3<\/sub>). Vyhl\u00e1\u0161eno bylo i n\u011bkolik regulac\u00ed a to v\u00fdhradn\u011b v Moravskoslezsk\u00e9m kraji.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00e1 tabulky uv\u00e1d\u00ed kompletn\u00ed p\u0159ehled smogov\u00fdch situac\u00ed a regulac\u00ed pro rok 2018.<\/p>\n<h3>PM<sub>10<\/sub> &#8211; smogov\u00e9 situace<\/h3>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: center;\"><strong>Oblast<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: center;\"><strong>Za\u010d\u00e1tek<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: center;\"><strong>D\u00e9lka (h)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: left;\">Aglomerace O\/K\/F-M bez T\u0159inecka*<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: center;\">8. 2. 2018<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">78<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: left;\">T\u0159inecko<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: center;\">8. 2. 2018<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">78<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: left;\">Zl\u00ednsk\u00fd kraj<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: center;\">10. 2. 2018<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">28<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: left;\">Aglomerace O\/K\/F-M bez T\u0159inecka<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: center;\">19. 2. 2018<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">76<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: left;\">Aglomerace O\/K\/F-M bez T\u0159inecka<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: center;\">1. 3. 2018<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">150<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: left;\">T\u0159inecko<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: center;\">2. 3. 2018<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">123<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: left;\">Z\u00f3na Moravskoslezsko<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: center;\">2. 3. 2018<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">120<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: left;\">Zl\u00ednsk\u00fd kraj<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: center;\">2. 3. 2018<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">64<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: left;\">Aglomerace O\/K\/F-M bez T\u0159inecka<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: center;\">19. 10. 2018<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: left;\">T\u0159inecko<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: center;\">19. 10. 2018<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>PM<sub>10<\/sub> &#8211; regulace<\/h3>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; height: 44px;\" border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 22px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 396px; height: 22px; text-align: center;\"><strong>Oblast<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; height: 22px; text-align: center;\"><strong>Za\u010d\u00e1tek<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; height: 22px; text-align: center;\"><strong>D\u00e9lka (h)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 22px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 396px; height: 22px; text-align: left;\">Aglomerace O\/K\/F-M bez T\u0159inecka<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; height: 22px; text-align: center;\">10. 2. 2018<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; height: 22px; text-align: right;\">34<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 396px; text-align: left;\">T\u0159inecko<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; text-align: center;\">10. 2. 2018<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; text-align: right;\">37<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 396px; text-align: left;\">Aglomerace O\/K\/F-M bez T\u0159inecka<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; text-align: center;\">2. 3. 2018<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; text-align: right;\">122<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 396px; text-align: left;\">T\u0159inecko<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; text-align: center;\">2. 3. 2018<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; text-align: right;\">66<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>O<sub>3<\/sub> &#8211; smogov\u00e9 situace<\/h3>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; height: 44px;\" border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 22px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 396px; height: 22px; text-align: center;\"><strong>Oblast<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; height: 22px; text-align: center;\"><strong>Za\u010d\u00e1tek<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; height: 22px; text-align: center;\"><strong>D\u00e9lka (h)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 22px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 396px; height: 22px; text-align: left;\">\u00dasteck\u00fd kraj<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; height: 22px; text-align: center;\">4. 7. 2018<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; height: 22px; text-align: right;\">41<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 396px; text-align: left;\">Aglomerace Praha<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; text-align: center;\">5. 7. 2018<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; text-align: right;\">16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 396px; text-align: left;\">Z\u00f3na St\u0159edn\u00ed \u010cechy<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; text-align: center;\">5. 7. 2018<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; text-align: right;\">16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 396px; text-align: left;\">Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9hradeck\u00fd kraj<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; text-align: center;\">5. 7. 2018<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; text-align: right;\">22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 396px; text-align: left;\">Pardubick\u00fd kraj<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; text-align: center;\">5. 7. 2018<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; text-align: right;\">22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 396px; text-align: left;\">Libereck\u00fd kraj<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; text-align: center;\">5. 7. 2018<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; text-align: right;\">18<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 396px; text-align: left;\">Aglomerace O\/K\/F-M bez T\u0159inecka<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; text-align: center;\">5. 7. 2018<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; text-align: right;\">13<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 396px; text-align: left;\">Z\u00f3na St\u0159edn\u00ed \u010cechy<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; text-align: center;\">31. 7. 2018<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; text-align: right;\">72<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 396px; text-align: left;\">\u00dasteck\u00fd kraj<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; text-align: center;\">31. 7. 2018<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; text-align: right;\">69<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 396px; text-align: left;\">\u00dasteck\u00fd kraj<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; text-align: center;\">8. 8. 2018<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; text-align: right;\">31<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 396px; text-align: left;\">Aglomerace Praha<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; text-align: center;\">8. 8. 2018<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; text-align: right;\">29<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 396px; text-align: left;\">Z\u00f3na St\u0159edn\u00ed \u010cechy<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; text-align: center;\">8. 8. 2018<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 395px; text-align: right;\">29<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">*O\/K\/F-M &#8211; Ostrava\/Karvin\u00e1\/Fr\u00fddek-M\u00edstek<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed grafy ukazuj\u00ed celkov\u00fd po\u010det hodin platn\u00e9 smogov\u00e9 situace\/regulace v jednotliv\u00fdch kraj\u00edch jako sou\u010det pro rok 2018.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog2018a.png\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2179\" src=\"https:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog2018a.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"881\" height=\"503\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog2018a.png 881w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog2018a-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog2018a-768x438.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 881px) 100vw, 881px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog2018b.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2180\" src=\"https:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog2018b.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"881\" height=\"503\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog2018b.png 881w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog2018b-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog2018b-768x438.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 881px) 100vw, 881px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog2018c.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2181\" src=\"https:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog2018c.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"881\" height=\"681\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog2018c.png 881w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog2018c-300x232.png 300w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog2018c-768x594.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 881px) 100vw, 881px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch graf\u016f je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee smogov\u00e9 situace, pota\u017emo regulace, v d\u016fsledku vysok\u00fdch koncentrac\u00ed PM<sub>10<\/sub>, byly v roce 2018 vyhl\u00e1\u0161eny v\u00fdhradn\u011b v oblasti Moravskoslezsk\u00e9ho kraje a Zl\u00ednsk\u00e9ho kraje, naopak vysok\u00e9 koncentrace p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00edho ozonu a s nimi spojen\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed smogov\u00e9 situace byly probl\u00e9mem zejm\u00e9na v \u010cech\u00e1ch, s v\u00fdjimkou jedn\u00e9 smogov\u00e9 situace v Aglomeraci O\/K\/F-M. Regulace kv\u016fli vysok\u00fdm koncentrac\u00edm PM<sub>10<\/sub> byly vyhl\u00e1\u0161eny pouze v oblasti Aglomerace O\/K\/F-M a T\u0159inecka. Nejv\u00edce hodin smogov\u00e9 situace pro PM<sub>10<\/sub> bylo v roce 2018 v Aglomeraci O\/K\/F-M, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b 336 h, tedy p\u0159esn\u011b 14 dn\u00ed a p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 3,8 % celkov\u00e9 doby roku. Regulace v t\u00e9to oblasti trvala v roce 2018 156 hodin, tedy 6,5 dne a p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1,8 % celkov\u00e9 doby roku. U O<sub>3<\/sub> byla nejhor\u0161\u00ed situace v roce 2018 v \u00dasteck\u00e9m kraji, kde byla v platnosti smogov\u00e1 situace v d\u016fsledku vysok\u00fdch koncentrac\u00ed t\u00e9to zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky celkem 141 hodin, tedy 5,9 dne a p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1,6 % celkov\u00e9 doby roku.<\/p>\n<p>Nyn\u00ed se pod\u00edvejme na rok 2017, tedy jedin\u00fd rok, se kter\u00fdm m\u016f\u017eeme d\u011blat srovn\u00e1n\u00ed vzhledem ke zm\u011bn\u011b metodiky vyhla\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed SVRS.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog20182017.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2185 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog20182017-1024x654.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"654\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog20182017-1024x654.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog20182017-300x192.png 300w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog20182017-768x491.png 768w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog20182017.png 1105w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog2018a2017.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2183 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog2018a2017-1024x654.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"654\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog2018a2017-1024x654.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog2018a2017-300x192.png 300w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog2018a2017-768x491.png 768w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog2018a2017.png 1105w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog2018b2017.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-2184\" src=\"https:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog2018b2017-1024x654.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"654\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog2018b2017-1024x654.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog2018b2017-300x192.png 300w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog2018b2017-768x491.png 768w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/smog2018b2017.png 1105w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch graf\u016f je jasn\u011b vid\u011bt, \u017ee roky 2017 a 2018 byly zna\u010dn\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9. Zat\u00edmco v roce 2017 bylo v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u00edce smogov\u00fdch situac\u00ed a regulac\u00ed v d\u016fsledku vysok\u00fdch koncentrac\u00ed PM<sub>10<\/sub>, v roce 2018 bylo naopak v\u00edce smogov\u00fdch situac\u00ed v souvislosti se zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdmi koncentracemi p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00edho ozonu. Ot\u00e1zka nyn\u00ed zn\u00ed &#8211; \u010d\u00edm je d\u00e1na tato zm\u011bna? Odpov\u011bd\u00ed na tuto ot\u00e1zku jsou meteorologick\u00e9, respektive rozptylov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky. Za\u010d\u00e1tek roku 2017 (leden a \u00fanor) byly charakteristick\u00e9 velmi nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdmi rozptylov\u00fdmi podm\u00ednkami (teplotn\u00ed inverze) a n\u00edzk\u00fdmi teplotami. Teplotn\u00ed inverze pak funguje jako pomysln\u00e1 &#8222;pokli\u010dka&#8220;, kter\u00e1 br\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9mu rozptylov\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e1tek v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se tak u zem\u011b kumuluj\u00ed. Rok 2018 byl zase pro zm\u011bnu nejteplej\u0161\u00edm rokem od za\u010d\u00e1tku m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice a pr\u00e1v\u011b vysok\u00e9 teploty a jasn\u00e9 dny vedou k vysok\u00fdm koncentrac\u00edm p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00edho ozonu, jeho\u017e vznik je v\u00e1z\u00e1n na slune\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed (vznik\u00e1 slo\u017eit\u00fdmi fotochemick\u00fdmi reakcemi p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm oxid\u016f dus\u00edku a t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek).<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i hodnocen\u00ed trendu v oblasti kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed je nutn\u00e9 vych\u00e1zet z v\u00fdrazn\u011b del\u0161\u00ed \u010dasov\u00e9 \u0159ady, ne\u017e jsou dva roky, aby se vyhladil efekt meteorologick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eou kol\u00edsat rok od roku. Jak v\u0161ak bylo ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bno, do\u0161lo v roce 2017 ke zm\u011bn\u011b metodiky vyhla\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed SVRS a zp\u011btn\u00fd p\u0159epo\u010det nen\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u00fd, jeliko\u017e nen\u00ed vyhla\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed zalo\u017eeno na \u010dist\u011b \u010d\u00edseln\u00e9 hodnot\u011b, ale tak\u00e9 odborn\u00e9m posouzen\u00ed meteorologa, kter\u00e9 retrospektivn\u011b nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V tomto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku se pod\u00edv\u00e1me, co je to smogov\u00e1 situace a regulace, p\u0159ehledn\u011b si uk\u00e1\u017eeme, jak\u00e1 jsou krit\u00e9ria pro jej\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a kolik takov\u00fdch situac\u00ed bylo v roce 2018 v jednotliv\u00fdch regionech v\u010detn\u011b srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s rokem 2017. Informace ze Smogov\u00e9ho Varovn\u00e9ho a Regula\u010dn\u00edho Syst\u00e9mu (SVRS) slou\u017e\u00ed k upozorn\u011bn\u00ed na mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Od roku 2012 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2186,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"coauthors":[19],"class_list":["post-2176","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ovzdusi","entry","has-media"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/industry-1149888_1920.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pa1A1I-z6","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2176","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2176"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2176\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2191,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2176\/revisions\/2191"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2186"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2176"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2176"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2176"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=2176"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}