{"id":1992,"date":"2019-01-16T08:30:16","date_gmt":"2019-01-16T07:30:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/?p=1992"},"modified":"2019-01-17T12:16:41","modified_gmt":"2019-01-17T11:16:41","slug":"zajimava-animace-sireni-no2-evropou","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/2019\/01\/16\/zajimava-animace-sireni-no2-evropou\/","title":{"rendered":"Zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 animace \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed NO<sub>2<\/sub> Evropou"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><strong>Zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed se m\u016f\u017eou \u0161\u00ed\u0159it atmosf\u00e9rou stovky kilometr\u016f a mluv\u00edme o tzv. d\u00e1lkov\u00e9m transportu. Kopernikova slu\u017eba monitoringu atmosf\u00e9ry (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Services, CAMS) ned\u00e1vno vytvo\u0159ila pro BBC velmi zaj\u00edmavou animaci pohybu NO<sub>2<\/sub> v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed nad Evropou.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed formy v\u00fdskytu oxid\u016f dus\u00edku v troposf\u00e9\u0159e jsou oxid dusnat\u00fd (NO) a dusi\u010dit\u00fd (NO<sub>2<\/sub>), souhrnn\u011b ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 jako oxidy dus\u00edku NOx. Oxidy dus\u00edku vznikaj\u00ed oxidac\u00ed dus\u00edku obsa\u017een\u00e9ho v palivu, kde je v\u00e1z\u00e1n v dus\u00edkat\u00fdch slou\u010denin\u00e1ch (v tuh\u00fdch a n\u011bkter\u00fdch kapaln\u00fdch palivech) nebo se tvo\u0159\u00ed z dus\u00edku obsa\u017een\u00e9ho ve spalovac\u00edm vzduchu, to v\u0161e p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch. Prim\u00e1rn\u011b vznik\u00e1 NO, kter\u00fd se n\u00e1sledn\u011b v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e z\u010d\u00e1sti oxiduje na NO<sub>2<\/sub>.<\/p>\n<p>M\u016f\u017eeme se pod\u00edvat, co je zdrojem emis\u00ed oxid\u016f dus\u00edku (NO<sub>x<\/sub>) v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed kol\u00e1\u010dov\u00fd graf je sestrojen z dat za rok 2016, co\u017e jsou nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u011b dostupn\u00e1 data.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/2019\/01\/16\/zajimava-animace-sireni-no2-evropou\/oiv3-9\/#main\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1997\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1997\" src=\"https:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/oIV3-9.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"456\" height=\"674\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/oIV3-9.png 456w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/oIV3-9-203x300.png 203w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 456px) 100vw, 456px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>CAMS nyn\u00ed vytvo\u0159il velmi zaj\u00edmavou mapu ilustruj\u00edc\u00ed koncentrace a pohyb NO<sub>2<\/sub> nad celou Evropou a to za p\u011btidenn\u00ed obdob\u00ed od 5. do 10. ledna 2019. Mapa dob\u0159e popisuje chov\u00e1n\u00ed NO<sub>2<\/sub> v p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00ed vrstv\u011b atmosf\u00e9ry v hodinov\u00e9m kroku.<\/p>\n<p>Pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed mapy byly pou\u017eity satelitn\u00ed sn\u00edmky stejn\u011b jako povrchov\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed ze stanic. Ani to v\u0161ak nen\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e9 pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed \u00fapln\u00e9 mapy, proto byly k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed mapy pou\u017eita i modelov\u00e1 data. Tyto modely vych\u00e1z\u00ed z obecn\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed plyn\u016f v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e a aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek.<\/p>\n<p>\u010ceho si m\u016f\u017eeme na map\u011b v\u0161imnout? Co je dob\u0159e vid\u011bt je pr\u00e1v\u011b fakt na jak vzd\u00e1len\u00e1 m\u00edsta se zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee \u0161\u00ed\u0159it. Toto plat\u00ed obecn\u011b i pro dal\u0161\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky, nav\u00edc doch\u00e1z\u00ed v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e k reakc\u00edm, jejich\u017e produktem jsou tzv. sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed polutanty, kter\u00e9 tak m\u016f\u017eou vznikat nad zcela jin\u00fdm \u00fazem\u00edm, ne\u017e kde vznikly prim\u00e1rn\u00ed polutanty, kter\u00e9 v reakc\u00ed funguj\u00ed jako reaktanty. Pokud se bav\u00edme o sekund\u00e1rn\u00edch polutantech nelze nezm\u00ednit p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00ed ozon, kter\u00fd je pouze sekund\u00e1rn\u00edm polutantem a prim\u00e1rn\u00ed zdroj nem\u00e1. P\u0159esto m\u016f\u017eou b\u00fdt jeho koncentrace zejm\u00e9na v l\u00e9t\u011b za jasn\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed vysok\u00e9 a v\u00e9st a\u017e k vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed smogov\u00e9 situace.<\/p>\n<p>Na map\u011b vid\u00edme to, co by \u010dlov\u011bk o\u010dek\u00e1val na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho. NO<sub>2<\/sub> prim\u00e1rn\u011b vznik\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na ve velk\u00fdch m\u011bstech a n\u00e1sledn\u011b se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed do okol\u00ed. V\u0161imnout si m\u016f\u017eete nap\u0159\u00edklad \u00fazem\u00ed Madridu, Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ee, Moskvy, Beneluxu \u010di Lond\u00fdna. Vid\u011bt jsou ale i pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 z\u00f3ny v N\u011bmecku, severn\u00ed It\u00e1lii \u010di Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii.<\/p>\n<p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 jsou tak\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ry emis\u00ed NO<sub>2<\/sub> pobl\u00ed\u017e Gibraltaru, kter\u00e9 souvis\u00ed s lodn\u00ed dopravou do a z St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e. Pov\u0161imn\u011bte si tak\u00e9 velk\u00fdch poho\u0159\u00ed Pyrenej\u00ed a Alp, kter\u00e9 funguj\u00ed jako bari\u00e9ra \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Toto \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k vysok\u00fdm koncentrac\u00edm NO<sub>2<\/sub> v severn\u00ed It\u00e1lii, kter\u00e1 je pr\u016fmyslovou oblast\u00ed a zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed se zde v\u00edce kumuluje pr\u00e1v\u011b d\u00edky bl\u00edzkosti Alp.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00edlem vytvo\u0159en\u00ed t\u00e9to mapy bylo uk\u00e1zat p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00ed transport a dal\u0161\u00ed vzorce \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek do okol\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/av\/embed\/p06y1n3x\/46866134\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Nebo se pod\u00edvejte na mapu v pln\u00e9m rozli\u0161en\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-46866134\">zde<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed se m\u016f\u017eou \u0161\u00ed\u0159it atmosf\u00e9rou stovky kilometr\u016f a mluv\u00edme o tzv. d\u00e1lkov\u00e9m transportu. Kopernikova slu\u017eba monitoringu atmosf\u00e9ry (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Services, CAMS) ned\u00e1vno vytvo\u0159ila pro BBC velmi zaj\u00edmavou animaci pohybu NO2 v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed nad Evropou. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed formy v\u00fdskytu oxid\u016f dus\u00edku v troposf\u00e9\u0159e jsou oxid dusnat\u00fd (NO) a dusi\u010dit\u00fd (NO2), souhrnn\u011b ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 jako [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1996,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5],"tags":[62,43],"coauthors":[19],"class_list":["post-1992","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ovzdusi","tag-evropa","tag-znecisteni","entry","has-media"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/p06y1p95.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pa1A1I-w8","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1992","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1992"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1992\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2007,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1992\/revisions\/2007"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1996"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1992"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1992"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1992"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=1992"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}