{"id":1721,"date":"2018-12-27T14:52:25","date_gmt":"2018-12-27T13:52:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/?p=1721"},"modified":"2024-04-27T18:15:49","modified_gmt":"2024-04-27T16:15:49","slug":"benzoapyren-popis-zdroje-dopady-aktualni-stav","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/2018\/12\/27\/benzoapyren-popis-zdroje-dopady-aktualni-stav\/","title":{"rendered":"Benzo[<i>a<\/i>]pyren &#8211; m\u00fdty a fakta"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1721\" class=\"elementor elementor-1721\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-25392184 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"25392184\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4c9c54\" data-id=\"c4c9c54\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3793cedf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3793cedf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em><strong>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na benzo[a]pyren (BaP) &#8211; karcinogenn\u00ed\u00a0polycyklick\u00fd aromatick\u00fd uhlovod\u00edk (PAH, PAU), slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed jako marker zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed PAH. Kr\u00e1tce si pop\u00ed\u0161eme BaP jako takov\u00fd, n\u00e1sledn\u011b se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na zdravotn\u00ed dopady jeho vysok\u00fdch koncentrac\u00ed a nebude chyb\u011bt ani p\u0159ehled jeho nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zdroj\u016f a pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 koncentrace jak v jednotliv\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech \u010cR, tak v evropsk\u00e9m kontextu. Vyvr\u00e1t\u00edme tak\u00e9 n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010dasto citovan\u00e9 m\u00fdty o zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed.<\/strong><\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-187e52d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"187e52d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-623c496\" data-id=\"623c496\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5767dc6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5767dc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.infoviz.cz\/graphic.php?ID=89\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.infoviz.cz\/infographics\/BaP\/BaP_1.0_SQ.jpg\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2d261fa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2d261fa\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d869f53\" data-id=\"d869f53\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce383f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ce383f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">Uhlovod\u00edky obecn\u011b jsou organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed pouze uhl\u00edk a vod\u00edk. Polycyklick\u00e9 aromatick\u00e9 uhlovod\u00edky jsou uhlovod\u00edky slo\u017een\u00e9 z minim\u00e1ln\u011b dvou aromatick\u00fdch kruh\u016f. Chemick\u00fd vzorec BaP je C<\/span><sub style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">20<\/sub><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">H<\/span><sub style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">12<\/sub><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">, jedn\u00e1 se o benzenov\u00fd kruh spojen\u00fd s pyrenem.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/2018\/12\/27\/benzoapyren-popis-zdroje-dopady-aktualni-stav\/bapchemistry\/#main\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1722\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1722 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/BaPchemistry.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"137\" \/><\/a><\/p><p>Do skupiny polycyklick\u00fdch aromatick\u00fdch uhlovod\u00edk\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed cel\u00e1 \u0159ada l\u00e1tek. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich jsou karcinogenn\u00ed, mutagenn\u00ed a\/nebo toxick\u00e9. Pr\u00e1v\u011b BaP je prokazateln\u00fdm karcinogenem [1]. V\u00fdznamnost zdravotn\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f jednotliv\u00fdch PAH se li\u0161\u00ed. Odhad celkov\u00e9ho karcinogenn\u00edho potenci\u00e1lu PAH sm\u011bsi v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed vych\u00e1z\u00ed z porovn\u00e1n\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch karcinogenn\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f se z\u00e1va\u017enost\u00ed BaP. Vyjad\u0159uje se jako tzv. toxick\u00fd ekvivalent BaP (TEQ BaP) a jeho v\u00fdpo\u010det je d\u00e1n sou\u010dtem sou\u010din\u016f toxick\u00fdch ekvivalentov\u00fdch faktor\u016f (TEF) stanoven\u00fdch US EPA (viz tabulka n\u00ed\u017ee) a m\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch koncentrac\u00ed [2].<\/p><table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"1\"><tbody><tr><td style=\"width: 50%;\"><strong>Slou\u010denina<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: center;\"><strong>TEF<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: left;\">Benzo[a]pyren<\/td><td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: right;\">1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: left;\">Dibenz[a,h]antracen<\/td><td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: right;\">1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: left;\">Benzo[a]antracen<\/td><td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: right;\">0,1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: left;\">Benzo[b]fluoranten<\/td><td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: right;\">0,1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: left;\">Benzo[j]fluoranten<\/td><td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: right;\">0,1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: left;\">Indeno[c,d]pyren<\/td><td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: right;\">0,1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: left;\">Benzo[a]antracen<\/td><td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: right;\">0,01<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: left;\">Benzo[k]fluoranten<\/td><td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: right;\">0,01<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>V\u011bt\u0161ina BaP v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed je nav\u00e1z\u00e1na na jemnou frakci suspendovan\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic, tedy tzv. PM<sub>2,5<\/sub>.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>V \u00favodu jsem zm\u00ednil, \u017ee si uk\u00e1\u017eeme, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010dasto za\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt zcela pravdiv\u00e9 &#8211; m\u016f\u017eou a nemus\u00ed (z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na ro\u010dn\u00ed dob\u011b a konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tce):<\/p><ul><li>nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je ve velk\u00fdch m\u011bstech, na vesnic\u00edch je \u010dist\u00fd vzduch<\/li><li>za zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee doprava a velk\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 podniky<\/li><\/ul><p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b BaP &#8211; zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e1 je prokazateln\u011b karcinogenn\u00ed a l\u00e1tky, u kter\u00e9 je ze v\u0161ech polutant\u016f s platn\u00fdm imisn\u00edm limitem na nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm pod\u00edlu stanic p\u0159ekra\u010dov\u00e1n imisn\u00ed limit &#8211; \u010dasto i n\u011bkolikan\u00e1sobn\u011b &#8211; jsou toti\u017e situace a p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9.<\/p><h3><strong>Situace v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice<\/strong><\/h3><p>Benzo[<em>a<\/em>]pyren pat\u0159\u00ed v sou\u010dasnosti k hlavn\u00edm probl\u00e9m\u016fm zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice. V minul\u00e9m roce (2017) byl imisn\u00ed limit pro ro\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brnou koncentraci, rovn\u00fd 1 ng\/m<sup>3<\/sup>, p\u0159ekro\u010den na t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dvou t\u0159etin\u00e1ch (65,8 %, 25 z 38) v\u0161ech stanic s dostupn\u00fdmi daty. U \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jin\u00e9 l\u00e1tky s platn\u00fdm imisn\u00edm limitem nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed na tak velk\u00e9m pod\u00edlu stanic. Nav\u00edc je na n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u00edstech tento limit p\u0159ekro\u010den n\u011bkolikan\u00e1sobn\u011b.<\/p><table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 253px;\" border=\"1\"><tbody><tr style=\"height: 23px;\"><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Lokalita<\/strong><\/span><\/td><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Okres<\/strong><\/span><\/td><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u00ed koncentrace<\/strong><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 23px;\"><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: left; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Ostrava-Radvanice Z\u00da<\/span><\/td><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: left; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Ostrava-m\u011bsto<\/span><\/td><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: right; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">9,6<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 23px;\"><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: left; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Ostrava-Radvanice OZO<\/span><\/td><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: left; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Ostrava-m\u011bsto<\/span><\/td><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: right; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">4,5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 23px;\"><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: left; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u010cesk\u00fd T\u011b\u0161\u00edn &#8211; autob. n\u00e1dra\u017e\u00ed<\/span><\/td><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: left; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Karvin\u00e1<\/span><\/td><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: right; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">4,4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 23px;\"><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: left; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u010cesk\u00fd T\u011b\u0161\u00edn<\/span><\/td><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: left; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Karvin\u00e1<\/span><\/td><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: right; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">4,2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 23px;\"><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: left; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Karvin\u00e1 Z\u00da<\/span><\/td><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: left; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Karvin\u00e1<\/span><\/td><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: right; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">3,9<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 23px;\"><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: left; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Kladno-\u0160vermov<\/span><\/td><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: left; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Kladno<\/span><\/td><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: right; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">3,7<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 23px;\"><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: left; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Ostrava-P\u0159\u00edvoz<\/span><\/td><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: left; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Ostrava-m\u011bsto<\/span><\/td><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: right; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">3,5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 23px;\"><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: left; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Vra\u017en\u00e9<\/span><\/td><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: left; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Nov\u00fd Ji\u010d\u00edn<\/span><\/td><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: right; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">3,3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 23px;\"><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: left; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Vala\u0161sk\u00e9 Mezi\u0159\u00ed\u010d\u00ed<\/span><\/td><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: left; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Vset\u00edn<\/span><\/td><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: right; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">2,8<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 23px;\"><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: left; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Stud\u00e9nka<\/span><\/td><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: left; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Nov\u00fd Ji\u010d\u00edn<\/span><\/td><td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: right; height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">2,7<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><em>Stanice s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdmi ro\u010dn\u00edmi koncentracemi BaP v \u010cR (2017) [ng\/m<sup>3<\/sup>]. Zdroj dat: \u010cHM\u00da<\/em><\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\"><div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">U \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jin\u00e9 l\u00e1tky s platn\u00fdm imisn\u00edm limitem nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed na tak velk\u00e9m pod\u00edlu stanic. Nav\u00edc je na n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u00edstech tento limit p\u0159ekra\u010dov\u00e1n n\u011bkolikan\u00e1sobn\u011b.<\/div><\/div><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Na n\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00e9 map\u011b jsou vid\u011bt pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00ed koncentrace BaP v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice. Vzhledem k nedostate\u010dn\u00e9mu po\u010dtu stanic s m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm BaP je mapa zat\u00ed\u017eena vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nejistotou ne\u017e mapy pro ostatn\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky. Z celkov\u00e9ho hodnocen\u00ed vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee je imisn\u00ed limit p\u0159ekro\u010den na 26,0 % \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR, na kter\u00e9m \u017eije p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 61,8 % obyvatel.<\/p><p><a href=\"http:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/2018\/12\/27\/benzoapyren-popis-zdroje-dopady-aktualni-stav\/bap2017\/#main\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1724\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1724 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/BaP2017.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"976\" height=\"638\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/BaP2017.png 976w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/BaP2017-300x196.png 300w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/BaP2017-768x502.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 976px) 100vw, 976px\" \/><\/a><\/p><p>Z mapy i v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 tabulky je vid\u011bt, \u017ee je nejhor\u0161\u00ed situace v Moravskoslezsk\u00e9m kraji, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pak v okresech Ostrava a Karvin\u00e1. Relativn\u011b vysok\u00e9 koncentrace jsou i na v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Morav\u011b a v severov\u00fdchodn\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch a okol\u00ed Kladna. Jak si uk\u00e1\u017eeme v dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti \u010dl\u00e1nku, tak\u0159ka v\u00fdhradn\u00edm zdrojem BaP v \u010cR je lok\u00e1ln\u00ed vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed. Probl\u00e9m vysok\u00fdch koncentrac\u00ed BaP se tak ve velk\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e t\u00fdk\u00e1 mal\u00fdch obc\u00ed, ve kter\u00fdch nav\u00edc nen\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bno rutinn\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p><p>V r\u00e1mci kampan\u011b m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v mal\u00fdch obc\u00edch byla v roce 2017 m\u011b\u0159ena koncentrace BaP v topn\u00e9 sez\u00f3n\u011b ve dvou obc\u00edch Jihomoravsk\u00e9ho kraje &#8211; Ostopovice a Moravany. Vzhledem k d\u00e9lce tohoto \u00fa\u010delov\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 stanovit ro\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brnou koncentraci BaP v t\u011bchto oblastech. Je v\u0161ak mo\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e9st srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s okoln\u00edmi stanicemi, kde m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed prob\u00edh\u00e1 celoro\u010dn\u011b. V Brn\u011b jsou koncentrace BaP sledov\u00e1ny na dvou stanic\u00edch: Brno-L\u00ed\u0161e\u0148 a Brno-Masn\u00e1. Ob\u011b stanice pat\u0159\u00ed mezi men\u0161inu stanic, na kter\u00fdch v roce 2017 nebyl p\u0159ekro\u010den imisn\u00ed limit (Brno-L\u00ed\u0161e\u0148: 0,6 ng\/m<sup>3<\/sup>, Brno-Masn\u00e1: 0,7 ng\/m<sup>3<\/sup>). Koncem listopadu 2016 b\u011bhem kampa\u0148ov\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed byly v n\u011bkter\u00fdch dnech denn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 koncentrace BaP v Ostopovic\u00edch 18x vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v Brn\u011b-L\u00ed\u0161ni.<\/p><p>Koncentrace BaP vzhledem ke sv\u00e9mu nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu zdroji (lok\u00e1ln\u00ed vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed, viz n\u00ed\u017ee) vykazuj\u00ed velmi v\u00fdrazn\u00fd ro\u010dn\u00ed chod s maximem b\u011bhem topn\u00e9 sez\u00f3ny a minimy v l\u00e9t\u011b. K vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm koncentrac\u00edm v zim\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 obecn\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed rozptylov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, co\u017e plat\u00ed obecn\u011b pro t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky, s v\u00fdjimkou p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00edho ozonu, jeho\u017e koncentrace jsou naopak nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v letn\u00edch jasn\u00fdch a hork\u00fdch dnech (d\u00e1no fotochemick\u00fdm vznikem ozonu jako sekund\u00e1rn\u00edho polutantu).<\/p><p><a href=\"http:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/2018\/12\/27\/benzoapyren-popis-zdroje-dopady-aktualni-stav\/rocnichodbap2017\/#main\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1726\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1726 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/rocniChodBaP2017.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"976\" height=\"553\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/rocniChodBaP2017.png 976w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/rocniChodBaP2017-300x170.png 300w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/rocniChodBaP2017-768x435.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 976px) 100vw, 976px\" \/><\/a>Vzhledem k faktu, \u017ee se m\u016f\u017eou rozptylov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky rod od roku v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161it, je pro zhodnocen\u00ed celkov\u00e9ho trendu BaP nutn\u00e9 sledovat dlouhodob\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj koncentrac\u00ed.<\/p><p><a href=\"http:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/2018\/12\/27\/benzoapyren-popis-zdroje-dopady-aktualni-stav\/oiv2-5\/#main\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1727\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1727\" src=\"http:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/oIV2-5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"976\" height=\"444\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/oIV2-5.png 976w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/oIV2-5-300x136.png 300w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/oIV2-5-768x349.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 976px) 100vw, 976px\" \/><\/a><\/p><p>Bohu\u017eel, jak je vid\u011bt z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho grafu, s v\u00fdjimkou roku 2006, kdy byly pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 koncentrace BaP v \u010cR nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed (kv\u016fli velmi \u0161patn\u00fdm rozptylov\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m ten rok), nelze pozorovat \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd klesaj\u00edc\u00ed trend. Tato data, stejn\u011b jako mapy, jsou v\u0161ak zat\u00ed\u017eena vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nejistotou a p\u0159i pr\u016fm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed pro cel\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed republiky tak doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke zkreslen\u00ed. Na v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9m grafu jsou na tom venkovsk\u00e9 stanice nejl\u00e9pe, z praxe na z\u00e1klad\u011b kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v mal\u00fdch obc\u00edch v\u0161ak v\u00edme, \u017ee jsou tyto lokality z hlediska koncentrac\u00ed BaP v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed velmi problematick\u00e9. Vzhledem k po\u010dtu mal\u00fdch obc\u00ed a zejm\u00e9na \u010dasov\u00e9 a finan\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed BaP v\u0161ak bude po\u010det lokalit s m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm v\u017edy omezen\u00fd, by\u0165 je jedn\u00edm z aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f \u010cHM\u00da pr\u00e1v\u011b nejistotu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a pr\u016fm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed BaP sni\u017eovat.<\/p><p><a href=\"http:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/2018\/12\/27\/benzoapyren-popis-zdroje-dopady-aktualni-stav\/oiv2-3\/#main\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1728\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1728\" src=\"http:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/oIV2-3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"976\" height=\"663\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/oIV2-3.png 976w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/oIV2-3-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/oIV2-3-768x522.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 976px) 100vw, 976px\" \/><\/a><\/p><h3>Situace v Evrop\u011b<\/h3><p>Zhodnotit situaci v evropsk\u00e9m kontextu m\u016f\u017eeme na z\u00e1klad\u011b ned\u00e1vno vydan\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy Evropsk\u00e9 agentury pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed (European Environment Agency, EEA). Hodnocen\u00ed v t\u00e9to zpr\u00e1v\u011b jsou provedena na z\u00e1klad\u011b ohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch koncentrac\u00ed z roku 2016 od v\u0161ech 25 \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, s v\u00fdjimkou \u0158ecka, Rumunska a Malty a naopak zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed Norsko a \u0160v\u00fdcarsko (celkem k dispozici 698 stanic).<\/p><p>Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00ed koncentrace nad 1,0 ng\/m<sup>3<\/sup> byly nam\u011b\u0159eny v celkem 13 st\u00e1tech, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve st\u0159edn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evrop\u011b. Nejhor\u0161\u00ed situace je v tomto ohledu nad\u00e1le v Polsku. Sv\u011btov\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 organizace (World Health Organization, WHO) nav\u00edc doporu\u010duje koncentrace BaP je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolikan\u00e1sobn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e je sou\u010dasn\u00fd imisn\u00ed limit (0,12 ng\/m<sup>3<\/sup>). V\u0161echny zem\u011b s v\u00fdjimkou Nizozemska a \u0160v\u00e9dska m\u011bly v roce 2016 alespo\u0148 jednu stanici, kde byla striktn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hodnota 0,12 ng\/m3 p\u0159ekro\u010dena (pr\u016fm\u011brnou ro\u010dn\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed pod touto mez\u00ed se mohlo v roce 2016 &#8222;pochlubit&#8220; pouze 14 % stanic). EEA tak\u00e9 jasn\u011b zmi\u0148uje, \u017ee vysok\u00e9 koncentrace BaP jsou zp\u016fsobeny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kv\u016fli lok\u00e1ln\u00edmu vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed uhl\u00edm a d\u0159evem. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch ji\u017en\u00ed Evropy m\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl tak\u00e9 spalov\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho odpadu.<\/p><p><a href=\"http:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/2018\/12\/27\/benzoapyren-popis-zdroje-dopady-aktualni-stav\/bapeu2016\/#main\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1729\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1729\" src=\"http:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/BaPEU2016.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"2010\" height=\"1490\" \/><\/a><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><em>Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00ed koncentrace benzo[a]pyrenu na stanic\u00edch v Evrop\u011b. B\u00edlou barvou jsou vyzna\u010deny st\u00e1ty bez dostupn\u00fdch dat, \u0161ed\u011b pak zem\u011b nezahrnut\u00e9 v anal\u00fdze. Zdroj: EEA<\/em><\/span><\/p><p>Z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 mapy je vid\u011bt, \u017ee \u010cesk\u00e1 republika pat\u0159\u00ed v evropsk\u00e9m kontextu k zem\u00edm s nadpr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdmi ro\u010dn\u00edmi koncentracemi BaP. Krom\u011b zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho Polska a \u010cR jsou vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed koncentrace nap\u0159\u00edklad tak\u00e9 v Ma\u010farsku, Slovensku, Rakousku, It\u00e1lii nebo Chorvatsku. Velmi dob\u0159e je na tom nap\u0159\u00edklad Nizozemsko, \u0160v\u00e9dsko, Portugalsko \u010di \u0160pan\u011blsko. Je to d\u00e1no jak ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm pod\u00edlem lok\u00e1ln\u00edho vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed, tak v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ji\u017en\u011bji polo\u017een\u00fdch zem\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed pot\u0159ebou vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed obecn\u011b.<\/p><p><a href=\"http:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/2018\/12\/27\/benzoapyren-popis-zdroje-dopady-aktualni-stav\/bapwhiskereu2016\/#main\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1732\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1732\" src=\"http:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/BaPWhiskerEU2016.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"707\" height=\"331\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/BaPWhiskerEU2016.png 707w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/BaPWhiskerEU2016-300x140.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 707px) 100vw, 707px\" \/><\/a><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><em>Graf je zalo\u017een na ro\u010dn\u00edch pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch koncentrac\u00edch. Pro ka\u017edou zemi je zobrazena nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed a nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed hodnota a medi\u00e1n (ng\/m<sup>3<\/sup>) z jednotliv\u00fdch stanic. Boxy zn\u00e1zor\u0148uj\u00ed 25. a 75. percentil. Doporu\u010dovan\u00e1 hodnota WHO (0,12 ng\/m<sup>3<\/sup>) je zobrazena \u010dervenou \u010d\u00e1rkovanou \u010darou (na grafu zcela dole), c\u00edlov\u00e1 hodnota dle legistlativy EU je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bna \u010dervenou plnou \u010darou (1 ng\/m<sup>3<\/sup>). P\u0159i interpretaci grafu je rovn\u011b\u017e nutn\u00e9 vz\u00edt v \u00favahu nerovnom\u011brn\u00fd po\u010det stanic v jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00edch a je nutn\u00e9 ho srovnat s v\u00fd\u0161e uvedenou mapou. Zdroj: EEA.<\/em><\/span><\/p><h2>Situace v Jihomoravsk\u00e9m, Zl\u00ednsk\u00e9m kraji a Kraji Vyso\u010dina<\/h2><p>V aglomeraci Brno jsou m\u011b\u0159eny koncentrace BaP v lokalit\u011b Brno-L\u00ed\u0161e\u0148 a Brno-Masn\u00e1. Na obou lokalit\u00e1ch nebyl v roce 2017 p\u0159ekro\u010den imisn\u00ed limit (stejn\u011b jako o rok d\u0159\u00edve). Jako poza\u010fov\u00e1 stanice slou\u017e\u00ed v JMK stanice v Kucha\u0159ovic\u00edch (okres Znojmo) a BaP je sledov\u00e1n tak\u00e9 v Hodon\u00edn\u011b.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 132px;\" border=\"1\"><tbody><tr style=\"height: 22px;\"><td style=\"width: 20%; height: 22px;\">\u00a0<\/td><td style=\"width: 20%; height: 22px;\">Brno-Masn\u00e1<\/td><td style=\"width: 20%; height: 22px;\">Brno-L\u00ed\u0161e\u0148<\/td><td style=\"width: 20%; height: 22px;\">Kucha\u0159ovice<\/td><td style=\"width: 20%; height: 22px;\">Hodon\u00edn<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 22px;\"><td style=\"width: 20%; height: 22px;\">2013<\/td><td style=\"width: 20%; height: 22px;\">0,8<\/td><td style=\"width: 20%; height: 22px;\">0,9<\/td><td style=\"width: 20%; height: 22px;\">0,7<\/td><td style=\"width: 20%; height: 22px;\">\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 22px;\"><td style=\"width: 20%; height: 22px;\">2014<\/td><td style=\"width: 20%; height: 22px;\">0,6<\/td><td style=\"width: 20%; height: 22px;\">0,6<\/td><td style=\"width: 20%; height: 22px;\">0,6<\/td><td style=\"width: 20%; height: 22px;\">\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 22px;\"><td style=\"width: 20%; height: 22px;\">2015<\/td><td style=\"width: 20%; height: 22px;\">0,6<\/td><td style=\"width: 20%; height: 22px;\">0,7<\/td><td style=\"width: 20%; height: 22px;\">0,6<\/td><td style=\"width: 20%; height: 22px;\">0,7<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 22px;\"><td style=\"width: 20%; height: 22px;\">2016<\/td><td style=\"width: 20%; height: 22px;\">0,9<\/td><td style=\"width: 20%; height: 22px;\">0,6<\/td><td style=\"width: 20%; height: 22px;\">0,5<\/td><td style=\"width: 20%; height: 22px;\">0,9<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 22px;\"><td style=\"width: 20%; height: 22px;\">2017<\/td><td style=\"width: 20%; height: 22px;\">0,7<\/td><td style=\"width: 20%; height: 22px;\">0,6<\/td><td style=\"width: 20%; height: 22px;\">0,6<\/td><td style=\"width: 20%; height: 22px;\">0,7<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><em>Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00ed koncentrace BaP na t\u0159ech lokalit\u00e1ch v JMK za posledn\u00edch p\u011bt let [ng\/m<sup>3<\/sup>].<\/em><\/span><\/p><p>Na ani jedn\u00e9 ze 4 lokalit m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed BaP v JMK nebyl v posledn\u00edch 5 letech p\u0159ekro\u010den platn\u00fd imisn\u00ed limit (v Hodon\u00edn\u011b data a\u017e od 2015). Koncentrace BaP na t\u011bchto lokalit\u00e1ch pat\u0159\u00ed dlouhodob\u011b k nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edm v cel\u00e9 republice, v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech byly dokonce zcela nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed. Podobn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 koncentrace jsou z dlouhodob\u00e9ho hlediska m\u011b\u0159eny pouze na observato\u0159i v Ko\u0161etic\u00edch (je ale nutn\u00e9 podotknout, \u017ee je BaP m\u011b\u0159en pouze na men\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtu stanic, kter\u00e9 nejsou rozm\u00edst\u011bny reprezentativn\u011b, ale tak, aby byl jejich nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed po\u010det v problematick\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch). A\u010d se v\u0161ak na prvn\u00ed pohled zd\u00e1 situace v JMK dobr\u00e1, z praxe v\u00edme, \u017ee tomu tak nen\u00ed. V JMK je pom\u011brn\u011b velk\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem lok\u00e1ln\u00ed vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed v mal\u00fdch obc\u00edch. \u010cHM\u00da prov\u00e1d\u00ed i kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b v mal\u00fdch obc\u00edch a jak ji\u017e bylo pops\u00e1no d\u0159\u00edve, nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 koncentrace n\u011bkolikan\u00e1sobn\u011b p\u0159evy\u0161uj\u00ed hodnoty z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch t\u0159\u00ed stanic (tepl\u00e1rny Brno v r\u00e1mci centr\u00e1ln\u00edho vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed zemn\u00ed plyn). B\u011bhem nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch rozptylov\u00fdch podm\u00ednek se m\u016f\u017eou vysok\u00e9 koncentrace v mal\u00fdch obc\u00edch v\u00fdznamn\u011b podepsat i na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch koncentrac\u00edch ve vzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00edm okol\u00ed, co\u017e lze n\u011bkter\u00e9 dny pozorovat i v Brn\u011b.<\/p><p>V kraji Vyso\u010dina je BaP m\u011b\u0159en na observato\u0159i v Ko\u0161etic\u00edch. Vzhledem k poloze t\u00e9to stanice (odlehl\u00fd kopec za lesem) jsou zde koncentrace t\u00e9to zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky dlouhodob\u011b prakticky nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ze v\u0161ech stanic, na kter\u00fdch \u010cHM\u00da BaP dlouhodob\u011b sleduje. Imisn\u00ed limit zde p\u0159ekra\u010dov\u00e1n nen\u00ed.<\/p><p>Hor\u0161\u00ed je situace ve Zl\u00edn\u011b. Tady bohu\u017eel doch\u00e1z\u00ed k p\u0159ekra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed imisn\u00edho limitu pravideln\u011b: 1,8 ng\/m<sup>3<\/sup> (2013), 1,4 ng\/m<sup>3<\/sup> (2014), 1,7 ng\/m<sup>3<\/sup> (2015), 1,5 ng\/m<sup>3<\/sup> (2016) a 1,8 ng\/m<sup>3<\/sup> (2017). Jak je vid\u011bt na map\u011b koncentrac\u00ed BaP \u010cR, koncentrace BaP jsou ve Zl\u00ednsk\u00e9m kraji vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed plo\u0161n\u011bji a ne pouze pobl\u00ed\u017e v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zdroj\u016f (nap\u0159\u00edklad v mal\u00fdch obc\u00edch). Za vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi koncentracemi BaP ve Zl\u00ednsk\u00e9m kraji stoj\u00ed stejn\u011b jako v\u0161ude jinde lok\u00e1ln\u00ed vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed, podepisuje se zde ale tak\u00e9 poloha bl\u00ed\u017ee Moravskoslezsk\u00e9mu kraji a Polsku, odkud p\u0159i severov\u00fdchodn\u00edm sm\u011bru v\u011btru m\u016f\u017eou zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky d\u00e1lkov\u00fdm transportem pronikat.<\/p><h2>Zdroje benzo[<em>a<\/em>]pyrenu<\/h2><p>Kone\u010dn\u011b se dost\u00e1v\u00e1me k tomu, co je p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou vysok\u00fdch koncentrac\u00ed BaP, a to nejen v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice. Na tuto ot\u00e1zku jsme si ji\u017e v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b odpov\u011bd\u011bli v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm textu, nyn\u00ed se tedy pod\u00edv\u00e1me na podrobnosti a konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla.<\/p><p>Emise BaP m\u016f\u017eou b\u00fdt jak antropogenn\u00edho, tak tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho p\u016fvodu. Tato organick\u00e1 l\u00e1tka vznik\u00e1 obecn\u011b spalov\u00e1n\u00edm organick\u00e9 hmoty (uhl\u00ed a d\u0159eva) a proto se do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed uvol\u0148uje nap\u0159\u00edklad i b\u011bhem lesn\u00edch po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f.<\/p><p>P\u0159irozen\u00e9 emise BaP jsou v\u0161ak na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b zanedbateln\u00e9 v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s emisemi antropogenn\u00edmi. Vznikaj\u00ed b\u011bhem nedokonal\u00e9ho spalov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i teplot\u00e1ch 300 a\u017e 600\u00b0C. K tomu doch\u00e1z\u00ed nej\u010dast\u011bji pr\u00e1v\u011b v men\u0161\u00edch kotl\u00edch p\u0159i spalov\u00e1n\u00ed pevn\u00fdch paliv. N\u00ed\u017ee zobrazen\u00fd kol\u00e1\u010dov\u00fd graf hlavn\u00edch kategori\u00ed zdroj\u016f emis\u00ed BaP v roce 2016 (nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dostupn\u00e1 data) mluv\u00ed za v\u0161e:<\/p><p><a href=\"http:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/2018\/12\/27\/benzoapyren-popis-zdroje-dopady-aktualni-stav\/oiv2-9\/#main\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1734\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1734\" src=\"http:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/oIV2-9.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"492\" height=\"616\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/oIV2-9.png 492w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/oIV2-9-240x300.png 240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 492px) 100vw, 492px\" \/><\/a><\/p><p>Ve\u0161ker\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, doprava i slu\u017eby se dohromady nepod\u00edl\u00ed na emis\u00edch BaP ani 2 %. Emise BaP poch\u00e1z\u00ed tak\u0159ka v\u00fdhradn\u011b z lok\u00e1ln\u00edho vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed (98,3 %). D\u00e1 se tedy \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee za vysok\u00e9 koncentrace l\u00e1tky, jej\u00ed\u017e koncentrace nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bji a v nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm rozsahu p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed imisn\u00ed limity v \u010cR, m\u016f\u017eou jednotliv\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti. Z toho tak\u00e9 plyne v\u00fdrazn\u011b omezen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost st\u00e1tu tuto situaci \u0159e\u0161it. Regulace velk\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch podnik\u016f \u010di zdroj\u016f zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed je v tomto ohledu v\u00fdrazn\u011b snadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed &#8211; je jich m\u00e9n\u011b, lze je regulovat.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\"><div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">Ve\u0161ker\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, doprava i slu\u017eby se dohromady nepod\u00edl\u00ed na emis\u00edch BaP ani 2 %. Emise BaP poch\u00e1z\u00ed tak\u0159ka v\u00fdhradn\u011b z lok\u00e1ln\u00edho vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed (98,3 %).<\/div><\/div><\/p><p>P\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed regulace za \u00fa\u010delem sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed BaP nar\u00e1\u017e\u00edme na celou \u0159adu dal\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed naru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed osobn\u00ed svobody (mo\u017enost neohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch domovn\u00edch prohl\u00eddek) apod. Cestou je jist\u011b i aktivn\u00ed podpora \u010dist\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zp\u016fsob\u016f vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed &#8211; tady lze zm\u00ednit nap\u0159\u00edklad kotl\u00edkov\u00e9 dotace (samoz\u0159ejm\u011b v\u0161ak omezeny finan\u010dn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky st\u00e1tu). D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je jist\u011b tak\u00e9 osv\u011bta &#8211; \u0159ada ob\u010dan\u016f se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee topen\u00ed d\u0159evem &#8211; tedy zcela p\u0159irozen\u00fdm palivem &#8211; je zcela \u010dist\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed. M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt a nemus\u00ed. V\u017edy toti\u017e z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed do velk\u00e9 m\u00edry na podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, za kter\u00fdch je d\u0159evo spalov\u00e1no. Nejlep\u0161\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm pro oblasti, kde nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edt centr\u00e1ln\u00edho vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed, je topen\u00ed automatick\u00fdm kotlem s co nejlep\u0161\u00ed emisn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddou, \u010di vyu\u017eit\u00ed tepeln\u00e9ho \u010derpadla.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><div class=\"su-box su-box-style-soft\" id=\"\" style=\"border-color:#bf0f06;border-radius:9px\"><div class=\"su-box-title\" style=\"background-color:#f24239;color:#000000;border-top-left-radius:7px;border-top-right-radius:7px\">Souhrn<\/div><div class=\"su-box-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"border-bottom-left-radius:7px;border-bottom-right-radius:7px\"><\/p><ul><li>imisn\u00ed limit pro ro\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brnou koncentraci karcinogenn\u00edho BaP je p\u0159ekra\u010dov\u00e1n na dvou t\u0159etin\u00e1ch stanic<\/li><li>nejhor\u0161\u00ed situace je v Moravskoslezsk\u00e9m kraji a okol\u00ed Kladna<\/li><li>v evropsk\u00e9m kontextu je na tom nejh\u016f\u0159e Polsko<\/li><li>v Brn\u011b imisn\u00ed limity v posledn\u00edch p\u011bti letech nebyly p\u0159ekro\u010deny, jin\u00e1 situace je v\u0161ak v mal\u00fdch obc\u00edch v JMK \u010di ve Zl\u00ednsk\u00e9m kraji<\/li><li>tak\u0159ka v\u00fdhradn\u00edm zdrojem emis\u00ed BaP je lok\u00e1ln\u00ed vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed (vznik\u00e1 p\u0159i nedokonal\u00e9m spalov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u0159eva a uhl\u00ed)<\/li><\/ul><p><\/div><\/div><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h3>Zdroje<\/h3>[1] &#8211; Bostr\u00f6m, C.E., Gerde, P., Hanberg, A., Jernstr\u00f6m, B., Johansson, C., Kyrklund, T., Rannug, A., T\u00f6rnqvist, M., Victorin, K. and Westerholm, R., 2002. Cancer risk assessment, indicators, and guidelines for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the ambient air. Environmental health perspectives, 110(Suppl 3), p.451.<\/p>[2] &#8211; St\u00e1tn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed \u00fastav, Zdravotn\u00ed d\u016fsledky a rizika zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, 2015, Praha<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na benzo[a]pyren (BaP) &#8211; karcinogenn\u00ed\u00a0polycyklick\u00fd aromatick\u00fd uhlovod\u00edk (PAH, PAU), slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed jako marker zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed PAH. Kr\u00e1tce si pop\u00ed\u0161eme BaP jako takov\u00fd, n\u00e1sledn\u011b se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na zdravotn\u00ed dopady jeho vysok\u00fdch koncentrac\u00ed a nebude chyb\u011bt ani p\u0159ehled jeho nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zdroj\u016f a pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 koncentrace jak v jednotliv\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech \u010cR, tak v evropsk\u00e9m kontextu. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1737,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5],"tags":[123,43],"coauthors":[19],"class_list":["post-1721","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ovzdusi","tag-bap","tag-znecisteni","entry","has-media"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/BaPtitle.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pa1A1I-rL","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1721","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1721"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1721\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6524,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1721\/revisions\/6524"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1737"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1721"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1721"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1721"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=1721"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}