{"id":1584,"date":"2018-12-13T19:52:30","date_gmt":"2018-12-13T18:52:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/?p=1584"},"modified":"2018-12-13T19:52:30","modified_gmt":"2018-12-13T18:52:30","slug":"zavery-a-doporuceni-who-kvalita-ovzdusi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/2018\/12\/13\/zavery-a-doporuceni-who-kvalita-ovzdusi\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1v\u011bry a doporu\u010den\u00ed WHO &#8211; kvalita ovzdu\u0161\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><strong>Podle nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch odhad\u016f Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace (World Health Organization, WHO) um\u00edr\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u011b na n\u00e1sledky \u0161patn\u00e9 kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a\u017e 4,2 milion\u016f lid\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edmou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou smrti b\u00fdv\u00e1 nej\u010dast\u011bji rakovina plic \u010di chronick\u00e1 d\u00fdchac\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se pod\u00edv\u00e1me, jak\u00e1 jsou stanoviska pr\u00e1v\u011b WHO v souvislosti s kvalitou ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a pro\u010d se touto problematikou zab\u00fdvat.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Jako kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd identifik\u00e1tor kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed je WHO br\u00e1na koncentrace suspendovan\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic PM<sub>2,5<\/sub>, tedy \u010d\u00e1stic s aerodynamick\u00fdm pr\u016fm\u011brem do 2,5 \u00b5m. Tyto \u010d\u00e1stice jsou nebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e nap\u0159\u00edklad \u010d\u00e1stice PM<sub>10<\/sub> pr\u00e1v\u011b kv\u016fli sv\u00e9 men\u0161\u00ed velikosti a s t\u00edm spojen\u00fdm pronik\u00e1n\u00edm hloub\u011bji do d\u00fdchac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n<p>WHO stanovuje doporu\u010denou koncentraci PM<sub>2,5<\/sub> 10 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup>\u00a0jako ro\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br. Bohu\u017eel tato hodnota na drtiv\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b obydlen\u00fdch m\u00edst na Zemi s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed nen\u00ed dodr\u017eov\u00e1na, pokud budeme vych\u00e1zet z nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch odhad\u016f, pak 91-92 % populace \u017eije v oblastech, kde jsou koncentrace vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e doporu\u010den\u00e9 &#8211; co\u017e bohu\u017eel, jak si uk\u00e1\u017eeme, plat\u00ed i pro \u010ceskou republiku.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default su-quote-has-cite\"><div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">Ro\u010dn\u011b v d\u016fsledku \u0161patn\u00e9 kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed celosv\u011btov\u011b um\u00edr\u00e1 a\u017e 4,2 milion\u016f lid\u00ed.<span class=\"su-quote-cite\">Sv\u011btov\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 organizace<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 90 % \u00famrt\u00ed p\u0159isuzovan\u00fdch \u0161patn\u00e9 kvalit\u011b ovzdu\u0161\u00ed jsou zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1na v zem\u00edch s n\u00edzk\u00fdm, \u010di st\u0159edn\u00edm HDP a a\u017e 2\/3 se odhaduj\u00ed v zem\u00edch Jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie a oblasti Z\u00e1padn\u00edho Pacifiku. Existuj\u00ed skupiny osob, kter\u00e9 jsou ke zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed &#8211; p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u011bti, star\u0161\u00ed osoby a osoby s n\u011bkter\u00fdmi zdravotn\u00edmi obt\u00ed\u017eemi (astma apod.). Celosv\u011btov\u011b jsou podle WHO hlavn\u00edmi antropogenn\u00edmi zdroji doprava, lok\u00e1ln\u00ed vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed, spalov\u00e1n\u00ed odpadu, uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny a pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 podniky.<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed fakta WHO ohledn\u011b dopad\u016f zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed na lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee je toto zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>29 % \u00famrt\u00ed a onemocn\u011bn\u00ed rakovinou plic<\/li>\n<li>17 % \u00famrt\u00ed a onemocn\u011bn\u00ed akutn\u00ed infekc\u00ed d\u00fdchac\u00edho traktu<\/li>\n<li>24 % \u00famrt\u00ed na n\u00e1sledky infarktu<\/li>\n<li>25 % \u00famrt\u00ed a onemocn\u011bn\u00ed ischemickou chorobou srde\u010dn\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>43 % \u00famrt\u00ed a onemocn\u011bn\u00ed chronickou obstruk\u010dn\u00ed plicn\u00ed nemoc\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice jsou nej\u010dast\u011bji p\u0159ekra\u010dov\u00e1ny imisn\u00ed limity suspendovan\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm 24h imisn\u00ed limit pro PM<sub>10<\/sub>) a polycyklick\u00e9ho aromatick\u00e9ho uhlovod\u00edku benzo[<em>a<\/em>]pyrenu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default su-quote-has-cite\"><div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">V\u00edce ne\u017e 90 % populace \u017eije v oblastech, kde jsou koncentrace vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e je doporu\u010dov\u00e1no WHO.<span class=\"su-quote-cite\">Sv\u011btov\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 organizace<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed je velmi v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm environment\u00e1ln\u00edm rizikem pro zdrav\u00ed a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit po\u010det pacient\u016f \u010di dokonce ob\u011bt\u00ed infarktu, kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edch chorob, rakovin plic a jak chronick\u00fdch, tak akutn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed d\u00fdchac\u00ed soustavy, v\u010detn\u011b astmatu.<\/p>\n<p>Ovzdu\u0161\u00ed nen\u00ed ohrani\u010den\u00e1 entita, proto zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v jedn\u00e9 zemi \u010di oblasti m\u00e1 vliv i na okoln\u00ed oblasti, kter\u00e9 jinak m\u016f\u017eou m\u00edt relativn\u011b mal\u00fd pod\u00edl na zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. M\u011blo by proto b\u00fdt v z\u00e1jmu v\u0161ech sna\u017eit se proti zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed &#8222;bojovat&#8220; v\u0161emi dostupn\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky. Na zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed se pod\u00edl\u00ed jak jednotlivci (zp\u016fsob vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed, zp\u016fsob dopravy apod.), tak v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zdroje emis\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 podniky.<\/p>\n<h3>Suspendovan\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice (Particulate Matter, PM)<\/h3>\n<p>PM ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed zdrav\u00ed osob v\u00edce ne\u017e kter\u00e1koliv jin\u00e1 zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tka (WHO). Skl\u00e1daj\u00ed se z komplexn\u00ed sm\u011bsi pevn\u00fdch a kapaln\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic jak organick\u00fdch, tak anorganick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek suspendovan\u00fdch v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. \u010c\u00edm men\u0161\u00ed je velikost \u010d\u00e1stic, t\u00edm hloub\u011bji m\u016f\u017eou pronikat d\u00fdchac\u00edm syst\u00e9mem a jsou proto nebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Chronick\u00e1 expozice PM p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k riziku rozvoje kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edch a d\u00fdchac\u00edch poruch, \u010di dokonce rakovin\u011b plic.<\/p>\n<p>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed PM se v\u011bt\u0161inou ud\u00e1vaj\u00ed jako jejich denn\u00ed a ro\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br v \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup>. Dopad na lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed m\u016f\u017eou m\u00edt i relativn\u011b velmi n\u00edzk\u00e9 koncentrace PM v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Nebyl identifikov\u00e1n \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd pr\u00e1h (bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 spodn\u00ed hranice), pod kter\u00fdm by ji\u017e nebyly koncentrace PM v\u016fbec nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9. Je proto \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed sna\u017eit se sn\u00ed\u017eit koncentrace PM na co nejmen\u0161\u00ed hodnotu (zcela nulov\u00e9 hodnoty v\u0161ak doc\u00edlit nejde, proto\u017ee i kdyby byly zcela redukov\u00e1ny v\u0161echny antropogenn\u00ed zdroje, co\u017e je v praxi nemo\u017en\u00e9, existuj\u00ed i zdroje p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed).<\/p>\n<p>Doporu\u010dovan\u00e9 hodnoty WHO:<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>PM<sub>2,5<\/sub> (jemn\u00e1 frakce)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ro\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br: 10 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup><br \/>\nimisn\u00ed limit v \u010cR: 25 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup><\/li>\n<li>24h pr\u016fm\u011br: 25 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup><br \/>\nimisn\u00ed limit v \u010cR: nestanoven<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>PM<sub>10<\/sub> (hrub\u00e1 frakce)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ro\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br: 20 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup><br \/>\nimisn\u00ed limit v \u010cR: 40 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup><\/li>\n<li>24h pr\u016fm\u011br: 50 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup><br \/>\nimisn\u00ed limit v \u010cR: 50 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>WHO odhaduje, \u017ee sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch ro\u010dn\u00edch koncentrac\u00ed PM<sub>2,5<\/sub> ze 35 na 10 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup> by vedlo ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u00famrtnosti v d\u016fsledku \u0161patn\u00e9 kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed o 15 %. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 odhaduje, \u017ee i ve m\u011bstech EU s koncentracemi spl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edmi doporu\u010dovan\u00e9 hodnoty PM se lid\u00e9 v pr\u016fm\u011bru do\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed o 8,6 m\u011bs\u00edce m\u00e9n\u011b, ne\u017e v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nulov\u00fdch antropogenn\u00edch koncentrac\u00ed PM.<\/p>\n<h3>P\u0159\u00edzemn\u00ed ozon (O<sub>3<\/sub>)<\/h3>\n<p>O p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00edm ozonu jsme ji\u017e v blogu <a href=\"http:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/2018\/08\/01\/neni-ozon-jako-ozon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">psali d\u0159\u00edve<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Doporu\u010dovan\u00e9 hodnoty WHO:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>8h pr\u016fm\u011br: 100 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edzemn\u00ed ozon nem\u00e1 sv\u016fj p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd zdroj, vznik\u00e1 fotochemick\u00fdmi reakcemi oxid\u016f dus\u00edku (NO<sub>x<\/sub>) a t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek (VOC). Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed koncentrace p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00edho ozonu jsou m\u011b\u0159eny za jasn\u00fdch, tepl\u00fdch dn\u00ed. Vysok\u00e9 koncentrace m\u016f\u017eou zp\u016fsobovat probl\u00e9my s d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00edm, zp\u016fsobovat probl\u00e9my astmatik\u016fm, sni\u017eovat funkci plic a zp\u016fsobovat jejich r\u016fzn\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Oxid dusi\u010dit\u00fd (NO<sub>2<\/sub>)<\/h3>\n<p>Doporu\u010den\u00e9 hodnoty WHO:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ro\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br: 40 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup><br \/>\nimisn\u00ed limit v \u010cR: 40 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup><\/li>\n<li>hodinov\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br: 200 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup><br \/>\nimisn\u00ed limit v \u010cR: 200 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Hlavn\u00edmi antropogenn\u00edmi zdroji NO<sub>2<\/sub> v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed jsou jednozna\u010dn\u011b spalovac\u00ed procesy (doprava, vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed, z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed energie). Ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch koncentrac\u00edch se jedn\u00e1 o toxick\u00fd plyn zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 z\u00e1n\u011bty d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest. P\u0159i dlouhodob\u00e9 expozici m\u016f\u017eou vysok\u00e9 koncentrace vyvol\u00e1vat symptomy bronchitidy a astmatu.<\/p>\n<h3>Oxid si\u0159i\u010dit\u00fd (SO<sub>2<\/sub>)<\/h3>\n<p>Doporu\u010den\u00e9 koncentrace WHO:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>24h pr\u016fm\u011br: 20 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup><br \/>\nimisn\u00ed limit v \u010cR: 125 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup><\/li>\n<li>10minutov\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br: 500 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup><br \/>\nimisn\u00ed limit v \u010cR: nestanoven<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vysok\u00e9 koncentrace m\u016f\u017eou zp\u016fsobovat d\u00fdchac\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017ee ji\u017e po p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10minutov\u00e9 expozici. Potenci\u00e1ln\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 koncentrace se uk\u00e1zaly b\u00fdt je\u0161t\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se v minulosti p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo. Tento bezbarv\u00fd a \u0161tiplav\u011b zap\u00e1chaj\u00edc\u00ed plyn vznik\u00e1 p\u0159i spalov\u00e1n\u00ed fosiln\u00edch paliv a taven\u00ed rud obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch s\u00edru. Hlavn\u00edm antropogenn\u00edm zdrojem je spalov\u00e1n\u00ed fosiln\u00edch paliv obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch s\u00edru. Krom\u011b poruch d\u00fdchac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu dr\u00e1\u017ed\u00ed SO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0sliznice. P\u0159i spojen\u00ed s vodou pak vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed kyselinu s\u00edrovou &#8211; hlavn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st tzv. kysel\u00fdch de\u0161\u0165\u016f, kter\u00e9 po\u0161kozuj\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n<h2>\u010cesk\u00e1 republika<\/h2>\n<p>Na za\u010d\u00e1tku \u010dl\u00e1nku jsme si \u0159ekli, \u017ee se pod\u00edv\u00e1me i na to, jak si v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s doporu\u010den\u00edmi WHO vede \u010cesk\u00e1 republika. Vych\u00e1zet budeme z nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dostupn\u00fdch dat, tedy za rok 2017.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Suspendovan\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice PM<sub>10<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Imisn\u00ed limit pro ro\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br v \u010cR m\u00e1 hodnotu 40 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup>. Ten byl p\u0159ekro\u010den na dvou stanic\u00edch (Ostrava-Radvanice Z\u00da a V\u011b\u0159\u0148ovice), ob\u011b v Moravskoslezsk\u00e9m kraji (1,4 % stanic s dostupn\u00fdmi daty). Doporu\u010den\u00ed WHO je v\u0161ak hodnota 20 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup>. Pokud bychom se pod\u00edvali na data z dostupn\u00fdch 146 stanic, pak koncentrace pouze 39 z nich by tento limit splnily (26,7 %).<\/p>\n<p>Imisn\u00ed limit pro 24h koncentraci m\u00e1 hodnotu 50 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3\u00a0<\/sup>a sm\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159ekro\u010den maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 35x za rok. Ze 143 stanic s dostupn\u00fdmi daty byly koncentrace v\u00edce ne\u017e ve 35 p\u0159\u00edpadech vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e imisn\u00ed limit na celkem 50 stanic\u00edch (35,0 % stanic).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Suspendovan\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice PM<sub>2,5<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Imisn\u00ed limit pro ro\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br v \u010cR m\u00e1 hodnotu 25 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup>. V roce 2020 dojde ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed na 20 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup>. WHO pak doporu\u010duje hodnotu je\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed &#8211; 10 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup>. V roce 2017 byla hodnota 25 \u00b5g\/m3 p\u0159ekro\u010dena na 10 stanic\u00edch, v\u0161echny v Moravskoslezsk\u00e9m kraji, v \u010dele s V\u011b\u0159\u0148ovicemi (32,1 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup>, jedin\u00e1 stanice s ro\u010dn\u00edm pr\u016fm\u011brem koncentrac\u00ed nad 30 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup>). Imisn\u00ed limit byl tedy v roce 2017 p\u0159ekro\u010den na 12,7 % stanic. Pokud by ji\u017e platil imisn\u00ed limit pro rok 2020, p\u0159ekro\u010dily by ho koncentrace na 26 stanic\u00edch (32,9 %). WHO doporu\u010dovan\u00fd limit 10 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup>jako ro\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br by ze 79 stanic s dostupn\u00fdmi daty splnily koncentrace pouze t\u0159i (Svratouch, B\u00edl\u00fd K\u0159\u00ed\u017e a Chur\u00e1\u0148ov), tedy 3,8 % stanic s dostupn\u00fdmi daty za rok 2017.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Oxid dusi\u010dit\u00fd\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Imisn\u00ed limit pro ro\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br m\u00e1 hodnotu shodnou s doporu\u010dovanou hodnotou WHO, tedy 40 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup>. Tento limit p\u0159ekro\u010dily koncentrace na \u010dty\u0159ech v\u00fdhradn\u011b dopravn\u00edch stanic\u00edch v Praze a Brn\u011b (Praha 2-Legerova (hot spot), Brno-\u00davoz (hot spot), Praha 5-Sm\u00edchov a Brno-Svatoplukova).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Oxid si\u0159i\u010dit\u00fd<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Imisn\u00ed limit pro 24h koncentraci m\u00e1 v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice hodnotu 125 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup>a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159ekro\u010den maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 3x za rok. V roce 2017 nebyl tento limit p\u0159ekro\u010den na \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 ze 61 stanic s dostupn\u00fdmi daty. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 24h koncentrace byla nam\u011b\u0159ena na stanici Petrovice u Karvin\u00e9 (109,3 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup>). WHO uv\u00e1d\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed 24h doporu\u010denou hodnotu jako 20 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup>. Takto n\u00edzk\u00e1 hodnota nebyla ani jednou p\u0159ekro\u010dena pouze na 15 stanic\u00edch (24,6 % stanic).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pro dopln\u011bn\u00ed uve\u010fme je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik \u00fadaj\u016f k p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed imisn\u00edch limit\u016f v roce 2017. Ze \u010dty\u0159 t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch kov\u016f s platn\u00fdm imisn\u00edm limitem (arsen, nikl, kadmium a olovo) byl imisn\u00ed limit pro ro\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br p\u0159ekro\u010den pouze u arsenu a to pouze na jedn\u00e9 stanici (Kladno-\u0160vermov), kde byla koncentrace p\u0159esn\u011b rovna imisn\u00edmu limitu (6,0 ng\/m<sup>3<\/sup>).<\/p>\n<p>Krom\u011b PM je velmi problematickou l\u00e1tkou po str\u00e1nce zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice tak\u00e9 polycyklick\u00fd aromatick\u00fd uhlovod\u00edk benzo[<em>a<\/em>]pyren, jeho\u017e koncentrace byly v roce 2017 p\u0159ekro\u010deny na 25 stanic ze 38 s dostupn\u00fdmi daty, tedy v\u00edce ne\u017e na polovin\u011b stanic (65,8 %). Hlavn\u00ed zdroj vysok\u00fdch koncentrac\u00ed benzo[a]pyrenu p\u0159edstavuje v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice zcela jednozna\u010dn\u011b lok\u00e1ln\u00ed vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed. Na n\u011bkter\u00fdch stanic\u00edch jsou nav\u00edc koncentrace n\u011bkolikan\u00e1sobn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e jak\u00e9 stanovuje imisn\u00ed limit. Ten m\u00e1 pro ro\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br hodnotu 1,0 ng\/m<sup>3<\/sup>. V\u016fbec nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 koncentrace benzo[<em>a<\/em>]pyrenu byla v roce 2017 nam\u011b\u0159ena na stanici Ostrava-Radvanice (Z\u00da) (9,6 ng\/m<sup>3<\/sup>), d\u00e1le Ostrava-Radvanice OZO (4,5 ng\/m<sup>3<\/sup>) a \u010cesk\u00fd T\u011b\u0161\u00edn &#8211; autobusov\u00e9 n\u00e1dra\u017e\u00ed (4,4 ng\/m<sup>3<\/sup>). Naopak nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 koncentrace byla v roce 2017 zaznamen\u00e1na na stanici B\u00edl\u00fd K\u0159\u00ed\u017e (0,5 ng\/m<sup>3<\/sup>) a na observato\u0159i v Ko\u0161etic\u00edch (0,5 ng\/m<sup>3<\/sup>).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>A\u010d se tedy koncentrace zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm koncem 90. let a za\u010d\u00e1tkem tis\u00edc\u00edlet\u00ed v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eily (nap\u0159. SO<sub>2<\/sub>), jsou \u010dasto st\u00e1le na \u0159ad\u011b stanic vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e jak\u00e9 doporu\u010duje WHO. Ne v\u017edy pak tak\u00e9 tyto doporu\u010dovan\u00e9 hodnoty reflektuj\u00ed platn\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e9 imisn\u00ed limity.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Podle nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch odhad\u016f Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace (World Health Organization, WHO) um\u00edr\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u011b na n\u00e1sledky \u0161patn\u00e9 kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a\u017e 4,2 milion\u016f lid\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edmou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou smrti b\u00fdv\u00e1 nej\u010dast\u011bji rakovina plic \u010di chronick\u00e1 d\u00fdchac\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se pod\u00edv\u00e1me, jak\u00e1 jsou stanoviska pr\u00e1v\u011b WHO v souvislosti s kvalitou ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a pro\u010d se touto problematikou zab\u00fdvat. Jako kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1591,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5],"tags":[59,110],"coauthors":[19],"class_list":["post-1584","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ovzdusi","tag-imisni-limity","tag-zdravi","entry","has-media"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/upper-body-944557_1280.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pa1A1I-py","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1584","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1584"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1584\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1685,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1584\/revisions\/1685"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1591"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1584"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1584"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1584"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=1584"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}