{"id":1391,"date":"2018-11-06T17:01:26","date_gmt":"2018-11-06T16:01:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/?p=1391"},"modified":"2018-11-06T17:08:12","modified_gmt":"2018-11-06T16:08:12","slug":"mereni-kvality-ovzdusi-behem-brnenske-prehlidky-ohnostroju-ignis-brunensis-2018-3-dil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/2018\/11\/06\/mereni-kvality-ovzdusi-behem-brnenske-prehlidky-ohnostroju-ignis-brunensis-2018-3-dil\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed b\u011bhem brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehl\u00eddky oh\u0148ostroj\u016f Ignis Brunensis 2018 – 3. d\u00edl"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u010cHM\u00da Brno ve spolupr\u00e1ci s Magistr\u00e1tem m\u011bsta Brna ji\u017e \u010dtvrt\u00fdm rokem m\u011b\u0159il kvalitu ovzdu\u0161\u00ed v r\u00e1mci brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehl\u00eddky oh\u0148ostroj\u016f Ignis Brunensis. V leto\u0161n\u00edm roce bylo provedeno m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v nov\u00e9 lokalit\u011b v are\u00e1lu Jachtklubu. Vozem, vybaven\u00fdm automatick\u00fdmi analyz\u00e1tory, byly sledov\u00e1ny koncentrace zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek s platn\u00fdm imisn\u00edm limitem (PM10<\/sub>, NO2<\/sub>, NO, NOx<\/sub>, SO2<\/sub> a CO) a meteorologick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky v 10minutov\u00e9m intervalu, vzorkova\u010di pak byly odebr\u00e1ny vzorky ke stanoven\u00ed koncentrace \u010d\u00e1stic PM2,5<\/sub> v\u010detn\u011b anal\u00fdzy kov\u016f a \u010d\u00e1sticovou anal\u00fdzu skenovac\u00edm elektronov\u00fdm mikroskopem. V t\u00e9to s\u00e9rii \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f v\u00e1m p\u0159edstav\u00edme, jak takov\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed prob\u00edh\u00e1, co mu p\u0159edch\u00e1z\u00ed a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b i jak\u00e9 jsou v\u00fdsledky z leto\u0161n\u00ed anal\u00fdzy.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

1. \u00davod – popis m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, lokality a meteorologick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek<\/a>
\n<\/strong>2. Kvalita ovzdu\u0161\u00ed – PM10<\/sub>, PM2,5<\/sub>, NO2<\/sub>, NO, NOx<\/sub>, SO2<\/sub> a CO<\/a>
\n3. Kvalita ovzdu\u0161\u00ed – kovy<\/strong>
\n4. Kvalita ovzdu\u0161\u00ed – \u010d\u00e1sticov\u00e1 anal\u00fdza SEM\/EDX<\/p>\n

V tomto d\u00edle na\u0161\u00ed s\u00e9rie o m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed nad brn\u011bnskou p\u0159ehradou b\u011bhem kon\u00e1n\u00ed oh\u0148ostrojov\u00e9 p\u0159ehl\u00eddky Ignis Brunensis se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na koncentrace kov\u016f.\u00a0T\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 kovy obecn\u011b p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed skupinu kov\u016f a polokov\u016f s relativn\u011b vysokou hustotou a atomovou hmotnost\u00ed (v\u011bt\u0161inou se uv\u00e1d\u00ed > 4 g\/cm3<\/sup>, ale p\u0159esn\u00e1 definice nen\u00ed jednotn\u00e1). N\u011bkter\u00e9 z t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch kov\u016f jsou pro lidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo esenci\u00e1ln\u00ed a je pot\u0159eba je v mal\u00fdch nebo stopov\u00fdch mno\u017estv\u00edch p\u0159ij\u00edmat. Na druhou stranu jejich vysok\u00e9 koncentrace m\u016f\u017eou b\u00fdt vysoce toxick\u00e9, a proto jsou sledov\u00e1ny nejen v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, ale i ve vodn\u00edch a suchozemsk\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9mech a potravin\u00e1ch (Jaishankar, 2014).<\/p>\n

Expozice n\u011bkter\u00fdm kov\u016fm m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt \u0159adu negativn\u00edch zdravotn\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f \u2013 m\u016f\u017eou b\u00fdt karcinogenn\u00ed, zp\u016fsobovat poruchy nervov\u00e9 soustavy nebo po\u0161kozovat ob\u011bhovou soustavu apod. (Kim H.S., 2015; Zeng, 2016; Lamas, 2016). Koncentrace vybran\u00fdch kov\u016f jsou proto pravideln\u011b monitorov\u00e1ny a jsou pro n\u011b dan\u00e9 imisn\u00ed limity. V sou\u010dasnosti jsou v Z\u00e1kon\u011b o ochran\u011b ovzdu\u0161\u00ed definov\u00e1ny imisn\u00ed limity pro celkem \u010dty\u0159i t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 kovy. Tyto limity jsou platn\u00e9 pro ro\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 koncentrace v suspendovan\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic\u00edch frakce PM10<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
T\u011b\u017ek\u00fd kov<\/strong><\/td>\nDoba pr\u016fm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/td>\nImisn\u00ed limit<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
As<\/strong><\/td>\narsen<\/strong><\/td>\nkalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00ed rok<\/td>\n6 ng\/m3<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cd<\/strong><\/td>\nkadmium<\/strong><\/td>\nkalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00ed rok<\/td>\n5 ng\/m3<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ni<\/strong><\/td>\nnikl<\/strong><\/td>\nkalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00ed rok<\/td>\n20 ng\/m3<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pb<\/strong><\/td>\nolovo<\/strong><\/td>\nkalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00ed rok<\/td>\n500 ng\/m3<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Krom\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch kov\u016f s imisn\u00edm limitem byly b\u011bhem oh\u0148ostrojov\u00e9 p\u0159ehl\u00eddky stanoveny koncentrace tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00edch kov\u016f, pro kter\u00e9 nen\u00ed d\u00e1n imisn\u00ed limit, a b\u011b\u017en\u011b se jejich koncentrace nesleduj\u00ed. Je tomu tak mj. proto, \u017ee nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd v\u00fdznamn\u00fd zdroj, nejsou toxick\u00e9 \u010di jsou jejich koncentrace v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u011b zanedbateln\u00e9 (Tian, 2014). B\u011bhem odpalov\u00e1n\u00ed oh\u0148ostroj\u016f je v\u0161ak v pyrotechnick\u00fdch efektech cel\u00e1 \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch kov\u016f, kter\u00e9 se b\u011bhem v\u00fdbuchu dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. C\u00edlem t\u00e9to anal\u00fdzy tedy bylo tyto prvky v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed detekovat a kvantifikovat.<\/p>\n

Hodnoty pod mez\u00ed detekce (hv\u011bzdi\u010dka) jsou ud\u00e1v\u00e1ny jako polovina meze detekce. M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed prob\u00edhalo ve t\u0159i dny kon\u00e1n\u00ed oh\u0148ostroje. Ten byl odpalov\u00e1n od 22:30 do p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 22:50. Interval 18-22 tedy zahrnuje 4h odb\u011br p\u0159ed oh\u0148ostrojem, odb\u011br 22-02h dobu oh\u0148ostroje a bezprost\u0159edn\u011b po n\u011bm a odb\u011br 02-06h odb\u011br po oh\u0148ostroji. Tabulky ud\u00e1vaj\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br z oh\u0148ostrojov\u00fdch interval\u016f (pr\u016fm\u011br t\u0159\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed 22-02h) a pr\u016fm\u011br z obdob\u00ed mimo oh\u0148ostroje (pr\u016fm\u011br z obdob\u00ed 18-22 a 02-06 h).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

As<\/strong><\/span>
\nArsen
\n33<\/span><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Krom\u011b intervalu 22-02h b\u011bhem druh\u00e9ho oh\u0148ostroje byly koncentrace arsenu pod mez\u00ed detekce. Onen druh\u00fd oh\u0148ostroj 6.6. byly nam\u011b\u0159eny koncentrace 1,07 ng\/m3<\/sup>, co\u017e je v\u0161ak st\u00e1le pouze jedna \u0161estina imisn\u00edho limitu ro\u010dn\u00edho pr\u016fm\u011bru pro ochranu zdrav\u00ed (6 ng\/m3<\/sup>). Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed,\u00a0hodnoty imisn\u00edho limitu nejsou v sou\u010dasnosti v Jihomoravsk\u00e9m kraji b\u011b\u017en\u011b p\u0159ekra\u010dov\u00e1ny. V Brn\u011b je tento prvek m\u011b\u0159en na dvou lokalit\u00e1ch \u2013 v Brn\u011b-L\u00ed\u0161ni a na stanici Brno-Masn\u00e1. Ro\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br v roce 2017 byl 0,7 ng\/m3<\/sup> (Brno-L\u00ed\u0161e\u0148) a 0,5 ng\/m3<\/sup> (Brno-Masn\u00e1). Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed koncentrace b\u00fdvaj\u00ed m\u011b\u0159eny v zimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed, v roce 2017 byla nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed koncentrace v Brn\u011b-L\u00ed\u0161ni 1,8 ng\/m3<\/sup> (leden) a 1,1 ng\/m3<\/sup> na stanici Brno-Masn\u00e1 (\u00fanor).\u00a0V r\u00e1mci cel\u00e9 \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky byla v roce 2017 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u00ed koncentrace nam\u011b\u0159ena v lokalit\u011b Kladno-\u0160vermov a to 6,0 ng\/m3<\/sup>, tedy p\u0159esn\u011b hodnota imisn\u00edho limitu. Druh\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hodnota byla 4,2 ng\/m3<\/sup> (Tanvald-\u0161kolka). V roce 2016 nebyl imisn\u00ed limit p\u0159ekro\u010den nikde v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Oh\u0148ostroje (pr\u016fm\u011br)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nMimo oh\u0148ostroje (pr\u016fm\u011br)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
0,54<\/td>\n0,28*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
Cd<\/strong><\/span>
\nKadmium
\n48<\/span><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Imisn\u00ed limit pro ro\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brnou koncentraci kadmia v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed je 5 ng\/m3<\/sup>. V Brn\u011b jsou koncentrace kadmia sledov\u00e1ny na stanic\u00edch Brno-L\u00ed\u0161e\u0148 a Brno-Masn\u00e1, pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00ed koncentrace v roce 2017 zde byly 0,1, respektive 0,2 ng\/m3<\/sup>, tedy hluboko pod imisn\u00edm limitem. Ani v r\u00e1mci \u010cR nebyl v roce 2017 imisn\u00ed limit nikde p\u0159ekro\u010den a s v\u00fdjimkou stanice Tanvald-\u0161kolka (3,0 ng\/m3<\/sup>), Ostrava-Radvanice Z\u00da (1,1 ng\/m3<\/sup>) a Sou\u0161 (1,0 ng\/m3<\/sup>) se koncentrace pohybovaly do 0,5 ng\/m3<\/sup>. Z tabulky n\u00ed\u017ee je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee rozd\u00edl mezi periodou oh\u0148ostroje a mimo oh\u0148ostroj je zanedbateln\u00fd a hluboko pod imisn\u00edm limitem. Ze v\u0161ech m\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch interval\u016f byla absolutn\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hodnota nam\u011b\u0159ena v intervalu 02-06 h 6.6. a to 0,23 ng\/m3<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Oh\u0148ostroje (pr\u016fm\u011br)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nMimo oh\u0148ostroje (pr\u016fm\u011br)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
0,16<\/td>\n0,13<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
Ni<\/strong><\/span>
\nNikl
\n28<\/span><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Imisn\u00ed limit pro pr\u016fm\u011brnou ro\u010dn\u00ed koncentraci niklu je 20 ng\/m3<\/sup>. V lokalit\u011b Brna jsou koncentrace niklu m\u011b\u0159eny na stanici Brno-L\u00ed\u0161e\u0148 a Brno-Masn\u00e1. V roce 2017 byly pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 koncentrace 0,6 ng\/m3<\/sup> (Brno-L\u00ed\u0161e\u0148) a 1,4 ng\/m3<\/sup> (Brno-Masn\u00e1), tedy v\u00edce ne\u017e desetin\u00e1sobn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e kolik \u010din\u00ed imisn\u00ed limit. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed koncentrace za rok 2017 v r\u00e1mci cel\u00e9 \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky byla 2,7 ng\/m3<\/sup> v lokalit\u011b Ostrava-Mari\u00e1nsk\u00e9 Hory. Vysok\u00e9 koncentrace niklu tedy v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice nejsou zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n

Tabulka n\u00ed\u017ee ukazuje, \u017ee ani jeden z 9 interval\u016f nebyla koncentrace nad mez detekce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Oh\u0148ostroje (pr\u016fm\u011br)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nMimo oh\u0148ostroje (pr\u016fm\u011br)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
0,4*<\/td>\n0,4*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
Pb<\/strong><\/span>
\nOlovo
\n82<\/span><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Na p\u0159elomu tis\u00edcilet\u00ed do\u0161lo k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu zlep\u0161en\u00ed a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed olova v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, mj. d\u00edky z\u00e1kazu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed olovnat\u00e9ho benz\u00ednu (v EU od roku 2000) (O\u2019Brien, 2011). Imisn\u00ed limit pro ochranu zdrav\u00ed pro ro\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brnou koncentraci olova byl stanoven na 500 ng\/m3<\/sup> (0,5 \u03bcg\/m3<\/sup>). Na stanici Brno-L\u00ed\u0161e\u0148 byla v roce 2017 nam\u011b\u0159ena pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 koncentrace pouh\u00fdch 4,4 ng\/m3<\/sup>, na stanici Brno-Masn\u00e1 5,1 ng\/m3<\/sup>, tedy jedna setina imisn\u00edho limitu. V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice pak byla nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 koncentrace za rok 2017 nam\u011b\u0159ena v lokalit\u011b Ostrava-Radvanice Z\u00da (52 ng\/m3<\/sup>). V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b tak lze \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee jsou koncentrace olova o \u0159\u00e1d nebo dva ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e je imisn\u00ed limit.<\/p>\n

Na rozd\u00edl od p\u0159edchoz\u00edch t\u0159\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch kov\u016f s platn\u00fdm imisn\u00edm limitem, olovo pat\u0159\u00ed mezi prvky, kter\u00e9 se v pyrotechnick\u00fdch efektech pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, proto byl p\u0159edpoklad zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed b\u011bhem oh\u0148ostroj\u016f. Tento p\u0159edpoklad se, jak je vid\u011bt n\u00ed\u017ee, potvrdil. P\u0159esto v\u0161ak jsou koncentrace v pr\u016fm\u011bru b\u011bhem oh\u0148ostroj\u016f dosahovaly pouze 3 % imisn\u00edho limitu ro\u010dn\u00edho pr\u016fm\u011bru pro ochranu zdrav\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Oh\u0148ostroje (pr\u016fm\u011br)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nMimo oh\u0148ostroje (pr\u016fm\u011br)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16,6<\/td>\n3,1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

N\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00e1 tabulka uv\u00e1d\u00ed procento nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch koncentrac\u00ed (pr\u016fm\u011br z interval\u016f oh\u0148ostroj\u016f a maximum) z imisn\u00edho limitu pro ro\u010dn\u00ed koncentraci dan\u00e9ho t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9ho kovu. Jak je z tabulky patrn\u00e9, v\u0161echny pr\u016fm\u011bry jsou pod 10 % z imisn\u00edho limitu a pouze maximum arsenu je na necel\u00fdch 20 %. Nav\u00edc je t\u0159eba p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee se jednalo v\u017edy o velmi kr\u00e1tk\u00fd interval. Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnota kolem 1,1 ng\/m3<\/sup> nep\u0159edstavuje zdravotn\u00ed riziko a v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice jsou na \u0159ad\u011b m\u00edst ro\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011bry n\u011bkolikan\u00e1sobn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd kov<\/strong><\/td>\nkoncentrace<\/strong><\/td>\nimisn\u00ed limit<\/strong><\/td>\n% z\u00a0imisn\u00edho limitu<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pr\u016fm\u011br<\/strong><\/em><\/td>\nmaximum<\/strong><\/em><\/td>\n<\/td>\npr\u016fm\u011br<\/strong><\/em><\/td>\nmaximum<\/strong><\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
arsen<\/strong><\/td>\n0,539<\/td>\n1,08<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n8,98<\/td>\n17,94<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kadmium<\/strong><\/td>\n0,16<\/td>\n0,23<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n3,20<\/td>\n4,65<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
nikl<\/strong><\/td>\n0,40<\/td>\n0,80<\/td>\n20<\/td>\n2,00<\/td>\n4,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
olovo<\/strong><\/td>\n16,69<\/td>\n35,88<\/td>\n500<\/td>\n3,34<\/td>\n7,18<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Jeliko\u017e lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice produkovan\u00e9 odpalov\u00e1n\u00edm oh\u0148ostroj\u016f budou sp\u00ed\u0161e men\u0161\u00edho charakteru, byla zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed anal\u00fdza provedena pouze na \u010d\u00e1stic\u00edch frakce PM2,5<\/sub>, kter\u00e9 nav\u00edc byly vzorkov\u00e1ny ve 4h intervalech, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eou l\u00e9pe uk\u00e1zat dynamiku koncentrac\u00ed kov\u016f b\u011bhem samotn\u00e9ho oh\u0148ostroje a bezprost\u0159edn\u011b p\u0159ed a po n\u011bm.<\/p>\n

K<\/strong><\/span>
\nDrasl\u00edk
\n19<\/span><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Drasl\u00edk je leskl\u00fd, st\u0159\u00edb\u0159it\u011b b\u00edl\u00fd a velmi m\u011bkk\u00fd kov, kter\u00fd \u0159ad\u00edme mezi alkalick\u00e9 kovy. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b se voln\u00fd drasl\u00edk nevyskytuje a je v\u017edy v\u00e1zan\u00fd ve slou\u010denin\u00e1ch jako jednomocn\u00fd kation K+<\/sup>. Jedn\u00e1 se o esenci\u00e1ln\u00ed prvek pro lidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo. Pod\u00edl\u00ed se na p\u0159enosu nervov\u00fdch vzruch\u016f a regulaci vody v\u00a0bu\u0148k\u00e1ch. M\u00e1 ale vliv i na svalovou \u010dinnost.<\/p>\n

Drasl\u00edk v\u00a0ovzdu\u0161\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt pozitivn\u00ed vliv, jeliko\u017e zvy\u0161uje alkalitu a t\u00edm tlum\u00ed a neutralizuje \u00fa\u010dinky kysel\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed vyvol\u00e1van\u00e9ho s\u00edrou a dus\u00edkem, \u010dasto v\u00a0d\u016fsledku nap\u0159\u00edklad kysel\u00fdch de\u0161\u0165\u016f. Uv\u00e1d\u00ed se, \u017ee nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zdrojem drasl\u00edku v\u00a0ovzdu\u0161\u00ed jsou pr\u00e1v\u011b oh\u0148ostroje (Wang, 2007), z\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch zdroj\u016f m\u016f\u017eeme jmenovat lok\u00e1ln\u00ed topeni\u0161t\u011b nebo ocel\u00e1rny.<\/p>\n

Stejn\u011b jako v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b studie Do (Do, 2012) byl v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b drasl\u00edku nam\u011b\u0159en vysok\u00fd relativn\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fst koncentrac\u00ed v\u00a0period\u011b b\u011bhem kon\u00e1n\u00ed oh\u0148ostroj\u016f. V\u0161echny t\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 4h intervaly zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed odpalov\u00e1n\u00ed oh\u0148ostroje m\u011bly velmi v\u00fdznamn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst koncentrac\u00ed tohoto prvku. V\u016fbec nejmarkantn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fst byl nam\u011b\u0159en p\u0159i oh\u0148ostroji 6. 6. B\u011bhem 4h intervalu p\u0159ed oh\u0148ostrojem (18-22 h) byly koncentrace drasl\u00edku pod mez\u00ed detekce (= 51,9 ng\/m3<\/sup>). Stejn\u011b tak tomu bylo i ve 4h intervalu po oh\u0148ostroji (02-06 h). Av\u0161ak b\u011bhem 4h intervalu p\u0159i kon\u00e1n\u00ed oh\u0148ostroje (22-02 h) byla koncentrace drasl\u00edku 7840 ng\/m3<\/sup>. Pokud tedy budeme pova\u017eovat koncentrace p\u0159ed a po oh\u0148ostroji za polovinu meze detekce (= 26 ng\/m3<\/sup>), pak byly b\u011bhem odpalov\u00e1n\u00ed oh\u0148ostroje koncentrace v\u00a04h pr\u016fm\u011bru v\u00edce ne\u017e 300x vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brem p\u0159ed a po oh\u0148ostroji. B\u011bhem oh\u0148ostroje 2. 6. byly koncentrace p\u0159ed a po oh\u0148ostroji rovn\u011b\u017e pod mez\u00ed detekce, b\u011bhem oh\u0148ostroje pak 3710 ng\/m3<\/sup> (143x vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed). V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b oh\u0148ostroje 9. 6. byla koncentrace p\u0159ed oh\u0148ostrojem pod mez\u00ed detekce. B\u011bhem oh\u0148ostroje bylo nam\u011b\u0159eno 1390 ng\/m3<\/sup> a n\u00e1sledn\u011b ve 4h intervalu po oh\u0148ostroji 388 ng\/m3<\/sup>. Pokud se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na rychlosti v\u011btru, zjist\u00edme, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b b\u011bhem oh\u0148ostroje 9. 6. byla rychlost v\u011btru nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ze v\u0161ech \u010dty\u0159 oh\u0148ostroj\u016f, proto je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee v\u00a0d\u016fsledku n\u00edzk\u00e9 rychlosti v\u011btru a tud\u00ed\u017e pomal\u00e9ho rozptylu oh\u0148ostrojov\u00e9 vle\u010dky, z\u016fstala koncentrace zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 del\u0161\u00ed dobu.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0celkov\u00e9m pr\u016fm\u011bru ze v\u0161ech 4h interval\u016f b\u011bhem a 4h interval\u016f mimo oh\u0148ostroje byly koncentrace v\u00a0intervalu b\u011bhem oh\u0148ostroje t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u0159esn\u011b 50x vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00a0intervalu mimo (vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee bylo mnoho koncentrac\u00ed pod mez\u00ed detekce, mohly b\u00fdt koncentrace mimo kon\u00e1n\u00ed oh\u0148ostroje vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e polovina meze detekce, i v\u00a0takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by v\u0161ak byly koncentrace b\u011bhem oh\u0148ostroje minim\u00e1ln\u011b 40x vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed).<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Oh\u0148ostroje (pr\u016fm\u011br)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nMimo oh\u0148ostroje (pr\u016fm\u011br)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4313,3<\/td>\n86,3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
Mg<\/strong><\/span>
\nHo\u0159\u010d\u00edk
\n12<\/span><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk je st\u0159edn\u011b tvrd\u00fd a lehk\u00fd kov, kter\u00fd za norm\u00e1ln\u00ed teploty reaguje s\u00a0kysl\u00edkem a s\u00a0vodou. Sv\u00fdmi vlastnostmi je podobn\u00fd hlin\u00edku a pr\u00e1v\u011b slou\u010deniny ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku s\u00a0hlin\u00edkem maj\u00ed velmi rozmanit\u00e1 vyu\u017eit\u00ed pro svoji pevnost, n\u00edzkou hmotnost nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0automobilov\u00e9m, leteck\u00e9m nebo vojensk\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu.<\/p>\n

Jemn\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161ek ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku je relativn\u011b reaktivn\u00ed. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b se v\u017edy vyskytuje ve slou\u010denin\u00e1ch, nap\u0159\u00edklad ve form\u011b magnezitu, dolomitu nebo jin\u00fdch miner\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u011b jako v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b drasl\u00edku napom\u00e1haj\u00ed ionty ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku neutralizovat kysel\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed, zvy\u0161uj\u00ed pH a p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed tak k\u00a0m\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch projev\u016f vysok\u00e9 kyselosti prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Podle britsk\u00e9 National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory<\/a> byl nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zdrojem ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku v\u00a0ovzdu\u0161\u00ed ve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed v\u00a0roce 2016 stavebn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl (24 %) a pr\u00e1v\u011b oh\u0148ostroje (18 %).<\/p>\n

Data nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 b\u011bhem p\u0159ehl\u00eddky Ignis Brunensis 2018 tento poznatek potvrzuj\u00ed \u2013 b\u011bhem odpalov\u00e1n\u00ed oh\u0148ostroj\u016f doch\u00e1zelo k\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00e9mu n\u00e1r\u016fstu koncentrac\u00ed ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku v\u00a0ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed byl tento n\u00e1r\u016fst b\u011bhem druh\u00e9ho sledovan\u00e9ho oh\u0148ostroje 6. 6. P\u0159ed i po oh\u0148ostroji byly koncentrace pod mez\u00ed detekce (= 8,9 ng\/m3<\/sup>). Ve 4h intervalu kon\u00e1n\u00ed oh\u0148ostroje v\u0161ak byly nam\u011b\u0159eny koncentrace 570 ng\/m3<\/sup>. Stejn\u011b jako v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b drasl\u00edku v\u0161ak je vid\u011bt velmi rychl\u00e9 rozpt\u00fdlen\u00ed a u\u017e v\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm 4h intervalu n\u00e1vrat pod mez detekce. T\u0159et\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00fd oh\u0148ostroj 9. 6. m\u011bl op\u011bt ze t\u0159\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch oh\u0148ostroj\u016f nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed koncentrace ve 4h intervalu po kon\u00e1n\u00ed oh\u0148ostroje (pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b op\u011bt d\u016fsledek n\u00edzk\u00e9 rychlosti v\u011btru). V\u00a0celkov\u00e9m pr\u016fm\u011bru byly koncentrace ve 4h intervalech kon\u00e1n\u00ed oh\u0148ostroje 17,5x vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e celkov\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br ze 4h interval\u016f mimo oh\u0148ostroj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Oh\u0148ostroje (pr\u016fm\u011br)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nMimo oh\u0148ostroje (pr\u016fm\u011br)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
288,7<\/td>\n16,5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
Sr<\/strong><\/span>
\nStroncium
\n38<\/span><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Stroncium p\u0159edstavuje velmi reaktivn\u00ed m\u011bkk\u00fd st\u0159\u00edb\u0159it\u00fd kov. Na vzduchu oxiduje a na povrchu se tvo\u0159\u00ed tmav\u00e1 vrstva oxidu. Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed a chemick\u00e9 vlastnosti jsou bl\u00edzk\u00e9 v\u00e1pn\u00edku a baryu. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b se nej\u010dast\u011bji vyskytuje v\u00a0miner\u00e1lech celestin a stroncianit.<\/p>\n

Tento vysoce reaktivn\u00ed kov prudce reaguje se vzduchem i vodou. Na vzduchu ho\u0159\u00ed jasn\u011b \u010derven\u00fdm plamenem, p\u0159i reakci s\u00a0vodou je vylu\u010dov\u00e1n vod\u00edk a hydroxid stroncia (siln\u011b dr\u00e1\u017ediv\u00e1 l\u00e1tka). Jeden z\u00a0izotop\u016f stroncia, 90<\/sup>Sr, je radioaktivn\u00ed a tedy potenci\u00e1ln\u011b velmi nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd. Jeho koncentrace m\u016f\u017eou b\u00fdt zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 nap\u0159\u00edklad b\u011bhem jadern\u00fdch nehod \u010di p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed (Steinhauser, 2013). N\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00e9 koncentrace se v\u0161ak t\u00fdkaj\u00ed izotopu 88<\/sup>Sr, tedy izotopu neradioaktivn\u00edho.<\/p>\n

Stroncium je hojn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm kovem p\u0159i odpalov\u00e1n\u00ed oh\u0148ostroj\u016fm a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se k\u00a0dosa\u017een\u00ed \u010derven\u011b zbarven\u00fdch efekt\u016f. Jedn\u00e1 se tedy o jeden z\u00a0typick\u00fdch \u201eoh\u0148ostrojov\u00fdch marker\u016f\u201c v\u00a0ovzdu\u0161\u00ed (Licudine, 2012).<\/p>\n

P\u0159edpoklad zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch koncentrac\u00ed stroncia v\u00a0intervalu kon\u00e1n\u00ed oh\u0148ostroje se potvrdil. B\u011bhem prvn\u00edho i druh\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho oh\u0148ostroje (2. 6. a 6. 6.) byly koncentrace ve 4h period\u011b p\u0159ed i 4h period\u011b po odpalov\u00e1n\u00ed oh\u0148ostroje pod mez\u00ed detekce (= 0,248 mg\/m3<\/sup>). V\u00a0period\u011b odpalov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto dvou oh\u0148ostroj\u016f byly koncentrace stroncia \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed (370x, respektive 745x). B\u011bhem oh\u0148ostroje 9. 6. nebyly sice koncentrace p\u0159ed a po odp\u00e1len\u00ed oh\u0148ostroje pod mez\u00ed detekce, p\u0159esto byly v\u00fdrazn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e koncentrace ve 4h intervalu kon\u00e1n\u00ed oh\u0148ostroje.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru byly b\u011bhem 4h interval\u016f kon\u00e1n\u00ed oh\u0148ostroje nam\u011b\u0159eny v\u00edce ne\u017e 19x vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed koncentrace stroncia v\u00a0porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a04h intervaly p\u0159ed a po odp\u00e1len\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Oh\u0148ostroje (pr\u016fm\u011br)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nMimo oh\u0148ostroje (pr\u016fm\u011br)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
57,2<\/td>\n3,0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
Ti<\/strong><\/span>
\nTitan
\n22<\/span><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Titan je n\u00edzkohustotn\u00ed, st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fd a velmi pevn\u00fd kov rezistentn\u00ed proti korozi. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi neu\u0161lechtil\u00e9 kovy a tvo\u0159\u00ed hojn\u011b komplexn\u00ed slou\u010deniny, kde se nej\u010dast\u011bji vyskytuje jako \u010dty\u0159mocn\u00fd.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b se vyskytuje v\u00a0p\u016fd\u00e1ch t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b ve form\u011b miner\u00e1l\u016f (nap\u0159. osbornit) (Czyrska-Filemonowicz, 2005). Nej\u010dast\u011bji se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako p\u0159\u00edsada do slitin, co\u017e t\u011bmto slitin\u00e1m d\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed vlastnosti (chemick\u00e1 odolnost, n\u00edzk\u00e1 hmotnost).<\/p>\n

Pyrotechnick\u00e9 efekty titan \u010dasto vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro dosa\u017een\u00ed jasn\u00fdch a b\u00edl\u00fdch z\u00e1\u0159iv\u00fdch efekt\u016f (Woodford, 2003). Jedn\u00e1 se tedy op\u011bt o jeden z\u00a0prvk\u016f, o kter\u00e9m lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee jeho koncentrace budou v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu oh\u0148ostroj\u016f vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed proveden\u00e1 v\u00a0r\u00e1mci t\u00e9to studie toto prok\u00e1zala \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b. B\u011bhem prvn\u00edho oh\u0148ostroje byly koncentrace titanu ve v\u0161ech t\u0159ech m\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch 4h intervalech pod mez\u00ed detekce (= 282 ng\/m3<\/sup>). Lze se domn\u00edvat, \u017ee tedy \u010de\u0161t\u00ed oh\u0148ostr\u016fjci zodpov\u011bdn\u00ed za prvn\u00ed oh\u0148ostrojovou show tento prvek ve sv\u00fdch efektech nepou\u017eili, nebo jej pou\u017eili ve velmi omezen\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e. B\u011bhem druh\u00e9ho oh\u0148ostroje byly koncentrace pod mez\u00ed detekce pouze ve 4h intervalu p\u0159ed a 4h intervalu po kon\u00e1n\u00ed oh\u0148ostroje. V\u00a0dob\u011b jeho kon\u00e1n\u00ed byly koncentrace v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed (5,48 ng\/m3<\/sup>). V\u00fdrazn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst byl pozorov\u00e1n i b\u011bhem t\u0159et\u00edho m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho oh\u0148ostroje 9. 6. Celkov\u011b pak byl pr\u016fm\u011br z\u00a0periody kon\u00e1n\u00ed oh\u0148ostroje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 13,5x vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e pr\u016fm\u011br ze 4h interval\u016f p\u0159ed a po oh\u0148ostroji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Oh\u0148ostroje (pr\u016fm\u011br)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nMimo oh\u0148ostroje (pr\u016fm\u011br)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3,0<\/td>\n0,2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
Ba<\/strong><\/span>
\nBaryum
\n56<\/span><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0160edob\u00edl\u00e9, leskl\u00e9 baryum je m\u011bkk\u00fd kov, zna\u010dn\u011b reaktivn\u00ed, kter\u00fd se v\u00a0element\u00e1rn\u00ed podob\u011b v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b nevyskytuje \u2013 pouze ve slou\u010denin\u00e1ch ve form\u011b Ba2+<\/sup>. Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm miner\u00e1lem je baryt (BaSO4<\/sub>) V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b se slu\u010duje s\u00a0prvky jako s\u00edra nebo uhl\u00edk a kysl\u00edk.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0pyrotechnice se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed zelen\u011b zbarven\u00fdch efekt\u016f (barv\u00ed plamen zelen\u011b). Dalo se tedy p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee budou koncentrace tohoto kovu, kter\u00e9 jsou za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch okolnost\u00ed velmi n\u00edzk\u00e9, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9. Steinhauser (Steinhauser, 2008b) ve sv\u00e9 studii nam\u011b\u0159il 11n\u00e1sobn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed barya p\u0159i oh\u0148ostroji.<\/p>\n

B\u011bhem akce Ignis Brunensis bylo zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed barya velmi v\u00fdrazn\u00e9. U prvn\u00edho oh\u0148ostroje byly hodnoty koncentrace barya p\u0159ed i po oh\u0148ostroji pod mez\u00ed detekce (= 0,289). Naopak b\u011bhem 4h intervalu oh\u0148ostroje byla koncentrace barya v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru 77,2 ng\/m3<\/sup>. B\u011bhem druh\u00e9ho oh\u0148ostroje byl n\u00e1r\u016fst je\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u2013 p\u0159ed i po oh\u0148ostroji byly koncentrace rovn\u011b\u017e pod mez\u00ed detekce, b\u011bhem oh\u0148ostroje 244 ng\/m3<\/sup>. V\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu t\u0159et\u00edho m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho oh\u0148ostroje 9. 6. byly koncentrace p\u0159ed i po oh\u0148ostroji vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, av\u0161ak v\u00a0jeho pr\u016fb\u011bhu byl op\u011bt z\u0159eteln\u00fd p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b sedmin\u00e1sobn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst. V\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru byla tedy koncentrace barya ve 4h intervalech kon\u00e1n\u00ed oh\u0148ostroje v\u00edce ne\u017e 21x vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Steinhauser (Steinhauser, 2008b) sice nam\u011b\u0159il \u201epouze\u201c 11n\u00e1sobn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst, v\u00a0absolutn\u00edch \u010d\u00edslech v\u0161ak byly j\u00edm nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 koncentrace v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, nav\u00edc se jednalo o koncentrace jako pr\u016fm\u011br z\u00a024h obdob\u00ed. P\u0159i prvn\u00edm m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9m oh\u0148ostroji nam\u011b\u0159il pr\u016fm\u011brnou denn\u00ed koncentraci 321,7 ng\/m3<\/sup>, p\u0159i druh\u00e9m 261,1\u00a0ng\/m3<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Oh\u0148ostroje (pr\u016fm\u011br)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nMimo oh\u0148ostroje (pr\u016fm\u011br)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
158,4<\/td>\n7,5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
Al<\/strong><\/span>
\nHlin\u00edk
\n13<\/span><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Hlin\u00edk, st\u0159\u00edb\u0159it\u011b-b\u00edl\u00fd m\u011bkk\u00fd kov je velmi reaktivn\u00ed a v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b se vyskytuje ve slou\u010denin\u00e1ch, \u010dasto s\u00a0kysl\u00edkem, k\u0159em\u00edkem \u010di fluorem. Je t\u0159et\u00edm nejzastoupen\u011bj\u0161\u00edm prvkem v\u00a0zemsk\u00e9 k\u016f\u0159e (cca 8 %). Z\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch miner\u00e1l\u016f obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00e1pn\u00edk lze jmenovat bauxit a kryolit. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se nap\u0159\u00edklad k\u00a0v\u00fdrob\u011b plechovek, foli\u00ed, n\u00e1dob\u00ed, v\u00a0leteck\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu a \u010dasto se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jeho slou\u010deniny, kter\u00e9 kombinuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed vlastnosti v\u00edcero kov\u016f dohromady.<\/p>\n

Do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed se hlin\u00edk dost\u00e1v\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm n\u011bkter\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch proces\u016f (Dolara, 2014), ale tak\u00e9 p\u016fdn\u00ed eroz\u00ed. Hlin\u00edkov\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161ek je jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch paliv v\u00a0pyrotechnice. Jemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1\u0161ek se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro dosa\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1bleskov\u00fdch efekt\u016f, hrub\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1\u0161ek pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed jisk\u0159iv\u00fdch efekt\u016f.<\/p>\n

Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 koncentrace hlin\u00edku v\u00a0ovzdu\u0161\u00ed byly nam\u011b\u0159eny p\u0159i kon\u00e1n\u00ed druh\u00e9ho a t\u0159et\u00edho oh\u0148ostroje. B\u011bhem prvn\u00edho oh\u0148ostroje byly koncentrace po celou dobu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed (18-06\u00a0h) pod mez\u00ed detekce (=\u00a08,51\u00a0ng\/m3<\/sup>). U druh\u00e9ho oh\u0148ostroje ji\u017e byl zn\u00e1m n\u00e1r\u016fst, v\u00a0dob\u011b kon\u00e1n\u00ed oh\u0148ostroje byl pr\u016fm\u011br ze 4h intervalu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed 34,1\u00a0ng\/m3<\/sup>. B\u011bhem posledn\u00edho m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho oh\u0148ostroje 9. 6. byla koncentrace zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 ji\u017e v\u00a0intervalu p\u0159ed za\u010d\u00e1tkem oh\u0148ostroje a v\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm 4h intervalu zahrnuj\u00edc\u00edm samotn\u00fd oh\u0148ostroj narostla p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b trojn\u00e1sobn\u011b na 142 ng\/m3<\/sup>. Lze tedy p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee byla ten den koncentrace zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 v\u00a0d\u016fsledku jin\u00e9ho zdroje a n\u00e1r\u016fst dan\u00fd odp\u00e1len\u00edm oh\u0148ostroje tuto ji\u017e vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed koncentraci markantn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161il. Ji\u017e v\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm 4h intervalu v\u0161ak byla koncentrace op\u011bt pod mez\u00ed detekce. B\u011bhem t\u0159et\u00edho oh\u0148ostroje v\u00e1l v\u00edtr p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed. Jihoz\u00e1padn\u011b od um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed vzorkova\u010de byla tribuna, kde lid\u00e9 sledovali oh\u0148ostroje. Tribuna byla um\u00edst\u011bna na nezpevn\u011bn\u00e9m povrchu a je tedy mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee koncentrace narostly pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0d\u016fsledku v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9ho pohybu osob v\u00a0t\u00e9to oblasti. Lid\u00e9 na oh\u0148ostroje p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed \u010dasto s\u00a0p\u0159edstihem, v\u011bt\u0161ina v\u0161ak ihned po oh\u0148ostroji oblast opou\u0161t\u00ed. To by mohlo vysv\u011btlit, pro\u010d byly koncentrace vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pouze p\u0159ed a nikoliv po a pro\u010d tomu tak\u00e9 takto bylo pouze b\u011bhem t\u0159et\u00edho oh\u0148ostroje. B\u011bhem prvn\u00edho a druh\u00e9ho v\u00e1l v\u00edtr p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b ze severu \u010di severoz\u00e1padu a severn\u011b a severoz\u00e1padn\u011b od vzorkova\u010de byla vodn\u00ed hladina p\u0159ehrady, tud\u00ed\u017e se odtud nemohl hlin\u00edk dost\u00e1vat do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed z\u00a0p\u016fdy p\u016fsoben\u00edm v\u011btru \u010di pohybu lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Celkov\u011b do\u0161lo v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru b\u011bhem intervalu zahrnuj\u00edc\u00edm odpalov\u00e1n\u00ed oh\u0148ostroje k\u00a0p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b \u0161estin\u00e1sobn\u00e9mu n\u00e1r\u016fstu koncentrac\u00ed v\u00e1pn\u00edku v\u00a0ovzdu\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0porovn\u00e1n\u00ed se 4h intervaly p\u0159ed a po kon\u00e1n\u00ed oh\u0148ostroje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Oh\u0148ostroje (pr\u016fm\u011br)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nMimo oh\u0148ostroje (pr\u016fm\u011br)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60,1<\/td>\n11,2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
Fe<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u017delezo
\n26<\/span><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u017delezo je \u0161edob\u00edl\u00fd, leskl\u00fd a st\u0159edn\u011b tvrd\u00fd kov. Ve vlhk\u00e9m vzduchu se pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 vrstvou hydroxidu. Jedn\u00e1 se o druh\u00fd nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kov na Zemi a p\u0159irozen\u011b se vyskytuje ve \u010dty\u0159ech izotopech. Rudy s\u00a0nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm pod\u00edlem \u017eeleza jsou magnetit a hematit.\u00a0 V\u00a0\u010dist\u00e9 form\u011b se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, av\u0161ak tzv. technick\u00e9 \u017eelezo (slitina Fe s\u00a0C, P, Si a dal\u0161\u00edmi prvky) pat\u0159\u00ed k\u00a0nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm materi\u00e1l\u016fm ve stavebn\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu. Jedn\u00e1 se tak\u00e9 o esenci\u00e1ln\u00ed prvek pro lidsk\u00fd organismus \u2013 je nezbytnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed hemoglobinu (krevn\u00ed barvivo) a cel\u00e9 \u0159ady enzym\u016f.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0oh\u0148ostrojov\u00fdch slo\u017e\u00edch se \u017eelezo pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed jasn\u00fdch jisker (Brain, 2001). Z\u00a0m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0r\u00e1mci t\u00e9to studie v\u0161ak nen\u00ed vid\u011bt v\u00fdrazn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst \u017eeleza v\u00a0ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Koncentrace nejsou v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru b\u011bhem oh\u0148ostroj\u016f ani o 30 % vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e jsou koncentrace mimo oh\u0148ostroje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Oh\u0148ostroje (pr\u016fm\u011br)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nMimo oh\u0148ostroje (pr\u016fm\u011br)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
139,3<\/td>\n108,0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
Cu<\/strong><\/span>
\nM\u011b\u010f
\n29<\/span><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

M\u011b\u010f je m\u011bkk\u00fd kov s\u00a0velmi dobrou tepelnou a elektrickou vodivost\u00ed a \u010dervenooran\u017eov\u00fdm zbarven\u00edm. Je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0159ady slitin, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se ve stavebn\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu, jako vodi\u010d, vyr\u00e1b\u00ed se z\u00a0n\u011bj \u010dasto nap\u0159\u00edklad mince \u010di termo\u010dl\u00e1nky.<\/p>\n

Pro lidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo se jedn\u00e1 o esenci\u00e1ln\u00ed prvek. Napom\u00e1h\u00e1 spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 funkci metabolismu p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u0159ady enzym\u016f, kter\u00e9 pr\u00e1v\u011b m\u011b\u010f obsahuj\u00ed. Pod\u00edl\u00ed se na tvorb\u011b hemoglobinu, myelinu, melaninu a umo\u017e\u0148uje spr\u00e1vnou funkci \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy (Osredkar, 2011).<\/p>\n

Kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 koncentrace m\u011bdi v\u00a0ovzdu\u0161\u00ed m\u016f\u017eou v\u00e9st k\u00a0podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed o\u010d\u00ed, nosu a krku a v\u00e9st ke ka\u0161ly, krv\u00e1cen\u00ed z\u00a0nosu a k\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed. Chronick\u00e1 expozice m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st<\/a> ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 plodnosti u mu\u017e\u016f i \u017een. Pr\u00e1v\u011b oh\u0148ostroje jsou jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zdroj\u016f m\u011bdi v\u00a0ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. V\u00a0oh\u0148ostrojov\u00fdch slo\u017e\u00edch se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k\u00a0doc\u00edlen\u00ed modrozelen\u00e9 barvy a n\u011bkter\u00e9 slou\u010deniny umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout i nejslo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed barvy pro oh\u0148ostr\u016fjce \u2013 modr\u00e9 (nap\u0159\u00edklad CuCl).<\/p>\n

Z\u00a0m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee koncentrace m\u011bdi se opravdu v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161ovaly b\u011bhem oh\u0148ostroj\u016f. P\u0159i prvn\u00edm oh\u0148ostroji byly koncentrace ve 4h intervalu p\u0159ed a po oh\u0148ostroji pod mez\u00ed detekce, b\u011bhem oh\u0148ostroje v\u00fdrazn\u011b narostly na v\u00edce ne\u017e 50n\u00e1sobek meze detekce. U druh\u00e9ho oh\u0148ostroje byl n\u00e1r\u016fst je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b \u010dty\u0159n\u00e1sobn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e u prvn\u00edho oh\u0148ostroje. B\u011bhem t\u0159et\u00edho oh\u0148ostroje byly koncentrace paradoxn\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ve 4h intervalu p\u0159ed samotn\u00fdm oh\u0148ostrojem. \u0158\u00edci, co zp\u016fsobilo vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed koncentrace m\u011bdi v\u00a0ovzdu\u0161\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed oh\u0148ostrojem je slo\u017eit\u00e9, dal\u0161\u00edmi zdroji m\u011bdi v\u00a0ovzdu\u0161\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nap\u0159\u00edklad ot\u011br z\u00a0brzdov\u00fdch desti\u010dek nebo p\u00e1len\u00ed d\u0159eva a fosiln\u00edch paliv. Jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno, tento t\u0159et\u00ed oh\u0148ostroj 9. 6. byl jin\u00fd sm\u011br v\u011btru, ne\u017e u prvn\u00edho a druh\u00e9ho, kdy foukalo od hladiny p\u0159ehrady. B\u011bhem t\u0159et\u00edho oh\u0148ostroje v\u0161ak foukalo z\u00a0m\u00edsta, kde se nach\u00e1zela tribuna s\u00a0div\u00e1ky a st\u00e1nky s\u00a0ob\u010derstven\u00edm. Nelze tedy vylou\u010dit, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b nap\u0159\u00edklad st\u00e1nky s\u00a0ob\u010derstven\u00edm byly zdrojem vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch koncentrac\u00ed, nav\u00edc byla v\u00a0ten ve\u010der velmi n\u00edzk\u00e1 rychlost v\u011btru, tak\u017ee nedoch\u00e1zelo k\u00a0rychl\u00e9mu rozptylu. Celkov\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br koncentrac\u00ed z\u00a0intervalu s\u00a0oh\u0148ostrojem byl v\u00edce ne\u017e desetin\u00e1sobn\u00fd ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brem z\u00a0interval\u016f mimo oh\u0148ostroj. Tento pr\u016fm\u011br byl nav\u00edc v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017een pr\u00e1v\u011b t\u0159et\u00edm oh\u0148ostrojem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Oh\u0148ostroje (pr\u016fm\u011br)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nMimo oh\u0148ostroje (pr\u016fm\u011br)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
95,0<\/td>\n9,4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
Cr<\/strong><\/span>
\nChrom
\n24<\/span><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Chrom je leskl\u00fd, b\u00edl\u00fd a k\u0159ehk\u00fd kov, kter\u00fd vynik\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na svoj\u00ed neobvykle vysokou tvrdost\u00ed \u2013 jedn\u00e1 se o v\u016fbec nejtvrd\u0161\u00ed kov (Singh, 2005). Jedn\u00e1 se o relativn\u011b nereaktivn\u00ed kov, kter\u00fd za vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch teplot reaguje s\u00a0halogeny.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b se chrom nej\u010dast\u011bji vyskytuje v\u00a0rud\u00e1ch chromit a krokoit. M\u00e1 celou \u0159adu vyu\u017eit\u00ed, je jednou ze sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed nerezov\u00e9 oceli, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0metalurgick\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu, chr\u00e1n\u00ed kovov\u00e9 povrchy p\u0159ed koroz\u00ed a je vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n i pro sv\u016fj atraktivn\u00ed vzhled (matn\u00fd st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fd le\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd povrch). Iont Cr(III) pat\u0159\u00ed mezi esenci\u00e1ln\u00ed prvky pro lidsk\u00fd organismus. M\u00e1 nezastupitelnou roli v\u00a0metabolismu tuk\u016f a sacharid\u016f (Vincent, 2000), umo\u017e\u0148uje spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed insulinu (Park, 2004). Naopak Cr(VI) je vysoce karcinogenn\u00ed (Air Quality Guidelines. WHO, 2000).<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zdroj\u016f chromu v\u00a0ovzdu\u0161\u00ed je p\u00e1len\u00ed d\u0159eva a d\u00e1le lok\u00e1ln\u00ed topeni\u0161t\u011b. V\u00a0pyrotechnick\u00fdch efektech se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako oxida\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinidlo (Niragu, 1988), ale od jeho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed se upou\u0161t\u00ed. K\u00a0n\u00e1r\u016fstu koncentrac\u00ed chromu nad mez detekce do\u0161lo pouze b\u011bhem 4h intervalu kon\u00e1n\u00ed druh\u00e9ho oh\u0148ostroje, kdy bylo nam\u011b\u0159eno 14,1 ng\/m3<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Imisn\u00ed limit pro chrom nen\u00ed stanoven, jako referen\u010dn\u00ed koncentrace je SZ\u00da stanovena hodnota 0,025 ng\/m3<\/sup>. Av\u0161ak tato hodnota se vztahuje pouze na Cr(VI), nikoliv na celkov\u00fd chrom. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b tvo\u0159\u00ed Cr(VI) p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 0,001 a\u017e 10% z\u00a0celkov\u00e9ho chromu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Oh\u0148ostroje (pr\u016fm\u011br)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nMimo oh\u0148ostroje (pr\u016fm\u011br)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5,2<\/td>\n0,7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
Sb<\/strong><\/span>
\nAntimon
\n51<\/span><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Antimon je st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fd, leskl\u00fd, vysoce k\u0159ehk\u00fd kov a\u017e polokov krystalick\u00e9 struktury. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b se vyskytuje i ryz\u00ed, v\u011bt\u0161inou v\u0161ak v\u00a0rud\u00e1ch spolu s\u00a0olovem, m\u011bd\u00ed nebo st\u0159\u00edbrem. Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed vlastnost\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch slitin nebo p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b kau\u010duku. D\u00e1le se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0akumul\u00e1torech, jako aditivum do textili\u00ed a plast\u016f, kde sni\u017euje jejich ho\u0159lavost.<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f antimonu v\u00a0ovzdu\u0161\u00ed je ot\u011br brzdov\u00fdch desti\u010dek (Iijima, 2008). Z\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch zdroj\u016f lze jmenovat pr\u00e1v\u011b oh\u0148ostroje. Antimon se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0\u0159ad\u011b pyrotechnick\u00fdch efekt\u016f ke zv\u00fdrazn\u011bn\u00ed t\u0159pytu a z\u00e1\u0159e (Russel, 2009).<\/p>\n

M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed potvrdila, \u017ee se koncentrace antimonu b\u011bhem odpalov\u00e1n\u00ed oh\u0148ostroje zvy\u0161uj\u00ed. V\u016fbec nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed koncentrace nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 ve 4h intervalu byla 38,3 ng\/m3<\/sup> a to b\u011bhem 4h intervalu odp\u00e1len\u00ed prvn\u00edho oh\u0148ostroje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Oh\u0148ostroje (pr\u016fm\u011br)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nMimo oh\u0148ostroje (pr\u016fm\u011br)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26,0<\/td>\n1,9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Souhrn<\/h2>\n

Anal\u00fdza koncentrac\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch kov\u016f nezahrnovala pouze \u010dty\u0159i t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 kovy s\u00a0platn\u00fdm imisn\u00edm limitem, ale i celou \u0159adu dal\u0161\u00edch kov\u016f. K\u00a0nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1r\u016fst\u016fm b\u011bhem odpalov\u00e1n\u00ed oh\u0148ostroj\u016f do\u0161lo u drasl\u00edku, kde byly koncentrace ve 4h intervalu v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru 50x vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e byl pr\u016fm\u011br pro 4h intervaly mimo oh\u0148ostroje. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b u drasl\u00edku v\u0161ak nejsou vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed koncentrace rizikem, podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch zdroj\u016f (Wang, 2007) jsou dokonce zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 koncentrace drasl\u00edku v\u00a0ovzdu\u0161\u00ed prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9, proto\u017ee napom\u00e1haj\u00ed neutralizaci ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f kysel\u00fdch de\u0161\u0165\u016f a pr\u00e1v\u011b oh\u0148ostroje jsou jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zdroj\u016f drasl\u00edku v\u00a0ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. V\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fst byl d\u00e1le pozorov\u00e1n nap\u0159\u00edklad tak\u00e9 u ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku (v pr\u016fm\u011bru p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 17,5n\u00e1sobn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst), i zde v\u0161ak nelze hovo\u0159it o probl\u00e9mu, proto\u017ee podobn\u011b jako v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b iont\u016f drasl\u00edku, napom\u00e1h\u00e1 drasl\u00edk neutralizovat kysel\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed, zvy\u0161uje pH a p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 tak k\u00a0m\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed vysok\u00e9 kyselosti prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 koncentrace byly pozorov\u00e1ny i u dal\u0161\u00edch kov\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou typick\u00e9 pro pyrotechnick\u00e9 efekty, nap\u0159\u00edklad kovy, jejich\u017e soli barv\u00ed plamen konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed barvou (stroncium, baryum, titan, bor atd.) \u010di kovy, kter\u00e9 dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed efekt\u016fm jas, vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u00e1bleskov\u00e9 efekty apod. Pro tyto kovy v\u0161ak nen\u00ed platn\u00fd \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd imisn\u00ed limit a nelze proto hovo\u0159it o jak\u00e9mkoliv p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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\u010cHM\u00da Brno ve spolupr\u00e1ci s Magistr\u00e1tem m\u011bsta Brna ji\u017e \u010dtvrt\u00fdm rokem m\u011b\u0159il kvalitu ovzdu\u0161\u00ed v r\u00e1mci brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehl\u00eddky oh\u0148ostroj\u016f Ignis Brunensis. V leto\u0161n\u00edm roce bylo provedeno m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v nov\u00e9 lokalit\u011b v are\u00e1lu Jachtklubu. Vozem, vybaven\u00fdm automatick\u00fdmi analyz\u00e1tory, byly sledov\u00e1ny koncentrace zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek s platn\u00fdm imisn\u00edm limitem (PM10, NO2, NO, NOx, SO2 a CO) a meteorologick\u00e9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1393,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5],"tags":[44],"coauthors":[19],"class_list":["post-1391","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ovzdusi","tag-ohnostroje","entry","has-media"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/20180609_223228-COLLAGE.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pa1A1I-mr","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1391","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1391"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1391\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1424,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1391\/revisions\/1424"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1393"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1391"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1391"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1391"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=1391"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}