{"id":1376,"date":"2018-11-27T19:44:02","date_gmt":"2018-11-27T18:44:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/?p=1376"},"modified":"2018-11-27T19:44:03","modified_gmt":"2018-11-27T18:44:03","slug":"odvodnovaci-stola-punkevnich-jeskyni-pohled-do-minulosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/2018\/11\/27\/odvodnovaci-stola-punkevnich-jeskyni-pohled-do-minulosti\/","title":{"rendered":"Odvod\u0148ovac\u00ed \u0161tola Punkevn\u00edch jeskyn\u00ed &#8211; pohled do minulosti"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Nad\u0161en\u00fd turista vystupuje z lodi\u010dky na p\u0159\u00edstavi\u0161ti Punkevn\u00edch jeskyn\u00ed a kdov\u00ed, jestli si vlastn\u011b uv\u011bdomuje, \u017ee \u00farove\u0148 hladiny Punkvy a pota\u017emo cel\u00e1 podzemn\u00ed plavba, je zde um\u011ble udr\u017eov\u00e1na v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm technick\u00fdm d\u00edlem&#8230;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Samotn\u00e9ho by m\u011b nenapadlo ps\u00e1t tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek, p\u016fvodcem my\u0161lenky je RNDr. Anton\u00edn T\u016fma, geolog Spr\u00e1vy CHKO Moravsk\u00fd kras. Ned\u00e1vno se m\u011b zeptal, co vlastn\u011b v\u00edm o tom, jak te\u010de Punkva od sv\u00e9ho v\u00fdtoku u p\u0159\u00edstavi\u0161t\u011b Punkevn\u00edch jeskyn\u00ed a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm, jak vypad\u00e1 jej\u00ed podzemn\u00ed pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed od Mal\u00e9ho propad\u00e1n\u00ed Punkvy&#8230; Oba jsme se nakonec shodli, \u017ee v tom m\u00e1me p\u011bkn\u00fd chaos&#8230; A tak n\u00e1sledovalo studium literatury od Absolona a\u017e po sou\u010dasn\u00e9 autory a ve st\u0159edu 7. listopadu 2018 jsme se vypravili na inkriminovan\u00e1 m\u00edsta &#8211; do odvod\u0148ovac\u00ed \u0161toly Punkevn\u00edch jeskyn\u00ed, do jeskyn\u011b Stovka a k Mal\u00e9mu v\u00fdtoku &#8211; abychom si je sami po\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b prohl\u00e9dli&#8230; Pokus\u00edm se te\u010f V\u00e1m v\u0161em co mo\u017en\u00e1 nejstru\u010dn\u011bji a nejjednodu\u0161eji celou situaci popsat&#8230;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1556\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1556\" style=\"width: 497px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/2018\/11\/27\/odvodnovaci-stola-punkevnich-jeskyni-pohled-do-minulosti\/mapa_punkevky_okoli_4\/#main\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1556\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1556\" src=\"http:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/mapa_Punkevky_okoli_4-208x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"497\" height=\"717\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/mapa_Punkevky_okoli_4-208x300.jpg 208w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/mapa_Punkevky_okoli_4-768x1110.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/mapa_Punkevky_okoli_4-709x1024.jpg 709w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/mapa_Punkevky_okoli_4.jpg 1889w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 497px) 100vw, 497px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1556\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Punkevn\u00ed jeskyn\u011b a jejich nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed okol\u00ed (zdroj:\u00a0Hromas J. (ed.) a kol. (2009): Jeskyn\u011b. <em>In: <\/em>Mackov\u010din P. a Sedl\u00e1\u010dek M. (eds.): Chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR, <em>svazek XIV.)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Do &#8222;p\u0159elomov\u00fdch&#8220; let 1928-29, kdy byla vyra\u017eena odvod\u0148ovac\u00ed \u0161tola, tekly vody Punkvy od p\u0159\u00edstavi\u0161t\u011b asi 200 m povrchov\u00fdm korytem a\u017e k tzv. Mal\u00e9mu propad\u00e1n\u00ed Punkvy (na map\u011b ozna\u010deno \u010d\u00edslem 1). Zde se Punkva op\u011bt &#8222;ztratila&#8220; pod zem a kdy\u017e j\u00ed teklo v\u00edce, ne\u017e bylo Mal\u00e9 propad\u00e1n\u00ed schopno pohltit, zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed voda pokra\u010dovala d\u00e1l povrchov\u00fdm \u0159e\u010di\u0161t\u011bm. Od \u010das\u016f Wankela, Absolonova d\u011bde\u010dka (pohybujeme se tedy n\u011bkde v polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed) se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo, \u017ee Punkva &#8222;mizej\u00edc\u00ed&#8220; v Mal\u00e9m propad\u00e1n\u00ed se asi po 100 metrech cesty podzem\u00edm objevuje na povrchu v Mal\u00e9m v\u00fdtoku (\u010d. 2) obohacen\u00e1 o tzv. ostrovsk\u00e9 a vil\u00e9movick\u00e9 vody (pozn.: Jedn\u00e1 se o <a href=\"https:\/\/mapy.cz\/turisticka?x=16.7449675&amp;y=49.3729103&amp;z=15&amp;l=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">p\u0159\u00edtoky z v\u00fdchodu<\/a> &#8211; Lopa\u010d, Krasovsk\u00fd potok, Vil\u00e9movick\u00fd potok a dal\u0161\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed toky. Do dne\u0161n\u00edho dne tato oblast p\u0159edstavuje pro jesky\u0148\u00e1\u0159e obrovskou v\u00fdzvu, proto\u017ee podzemn\u00ed syst\u00e9m t\u011bchto tok\u016f je st\u00e1le nezn\u00e1m\u00fd a &#8222;objevitelsk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l&#8220; je zde tud\u00ed\u017e opravdu velik\u00fd!). To, \u017ee ostrovsk\u00e9 a vil\u00e9movick\u00e9 vody te\u010dou do Mal\u00e9ho v\u00fdtoku, pozorn\u00ed pozorovatel\u00e9 pochopili, kdy\u017e sledovali jejich bou\u0159kou zkalen\u00e9 vody ztr\u00e1cej\u00edc\u00ed se do podzem\u00ed a adekv\u00e1tn\u011b do hn\u011bda zbarven\u00e9 vody pak vyt\u00e9kaly z Mal\u00e9ho v\u00fdtoku, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e Punkva v Maco\u0161e a v Punkevn\u00edch jeskyn\u00edch z\u016fstala \u010dist\u00e1, bou\u0159kov\u00fdm kalem nedot\u010den\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Absolon ve sv\u00e9 obs\u00e1hl\u00e9 monografie Moravsk\u00fd kras (Academia, 1970) mluv\u00ed o zm\u011bn\u011b n\u00e1zoru na Mal\u00fd v\u00fdtok po vyra\u017een\u00ed \u0161toly a p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1 mu funkci v\u00fdv\u011bru ostrovsk\u00fdch a vil\u00e9movick\u00fdch vod. Ano, to je hezk\u00e9, ale kam te\u010de Punkva z Mal\u00e9ho propad\u00e1n\u00ed?! Tuto ot\u00e1zku nech\u00e1v\u00e1 bez pov\u0161imnut\u00ed&#8230;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1557\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1557\" style=\"width: 613px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/2018\/11\/27\/odvodnovaci-stola-punkevnich-jeskyni-pohled-do-minulosti\/p1040241\/#main\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1557\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1557\" src=\"http:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/P1040241-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"613\" height=\"460\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/P1040241-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/P1040241-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/P1040241-1024x768.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 613px) 100vw, 613px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1557\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">52 l\/s te\u010de povrchov\u00fdm korytem Punkvy od jej\u00edho v\u00fdv\u011bru u p\u0159\u00edstavi\u0161t\u011b lodi\u010dek sm\u011brem k Mal\u00e9mu propad\u00e1n\u00ed Punkvy na \u00fapat\u00ed skaln\u00edho masivu na fotografii (m\u00edsto \u010d. 1).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1558\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1558\" style=\"width: 611px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/2018\/11\/27\/odvodnovaci-stola-punkevnich-jeskyni-pohled-do-minulosti\/p1040248\/#main\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1558\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1558\" src=\"http:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/P1040248-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"611\" height=\"458\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/P1040248-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/P1040248-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/P1040248-1024x768.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 611px) 100vw, 611px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1558\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mal\u00fd v\u00fdtok asi o 100 m n\u00ed\u017ee&#8230; Vyt\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00ed voda poch\u00e1z\u00ed z v\u00fdchodn\u00ed hranice Moravsk\u00e9ho krasu (okol\u00ed Ostrova u Macochy a Vil\u00e9movic). Je zde i trocha Punkvy&#8230;?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bna v odtokov\u00fdch pom\u011brech Punkvy pod Punkevn\u00edmi jeskyn\u011bmi tedy nastala p\u0159ed devades\u00e1ti lety, kdy byla skaln\u00edm masivem na lev\u00e9m b\u0159ehu Punkvy vyst\u0159\u00edlena \u0161tola pro regulaci hladiny na plavb\u011b Punkevn\u00edmi jeskyn\u011bmi. Regulace hladiny znamen\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 pr\u016ftokov\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed Punkvy te\u010de z Punkevn\u00edch jeskyn\u00ed touto \u0161tolou a zbyl\u00e1 voda pokra\u010duje od p\u0159\u00edstavi\u0161t\u011b povrchov\u00fdm korytem k Mal\u00e9mu propad\u00e1n\u00ed. Karel Absolon m\u011bl s\u00edlu stroj\u016f r\u00e1d, jak jsem psal u\u017e ve sv\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku <a href=\"http:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/2018\/11\/01\/nova-rasovna-aneb-kde-se-ztraci-bila-voda\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">o Nov\u00e9 Rasovn\u011b<\/a>&#8230; Usiloval o pr\u016fboj k Maco\u0161e vodn\u00ed cestou a stavba odvod\u0148ovac\u00edho tunelu mu d\u00edky sp\u00e1dov\u00fdm pom\u011br\u016fm slibovala sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hladiny Punkvy v Punkevn\u00edch jeskyn\u00edch a\u017e o 6 m. To\u017e to se muselo vyu\u017e\u00edt! Dnes by to u\u017e asi neklaplo, ale tehdy mu karta \u0161la&#8230; V lev\u00e9m b\u0159ehu Punkvy nechal skaln\u00edm masivem razit 450 m dlouh\u00fd tunel a na jeho za\u010d\u00e1tku nainstalovat stavidlo (\u010d. 3), jeho\u017e pomoc\u00ed je hladina Punkvy od t\u00e9 doby udr\u017eov\u00e1na na po\u017eadovan\u00e9 \u00farovni. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 toto opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje protipovod\u0148ovou ochranu prohl\u00eddkov\u00e9 trasy Punkevn\u00edch jeskyn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1560\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1560\" style=\"width: 628px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/2018\/11\/27\/odvodnovaci-stola-punkevnich-jeskyni-pohled-do-minulosti\/p1040011\/#main\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1560\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1560\" src=\"http:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/P1040011-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"628\" height=\"471\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/P1040011-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/P1040011-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/P1040011-1024x768.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 628px) 100vw, 628px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1560\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stavidlo v odvod\u0148ovac\u00ed \u0161tole (\u010d. 3). Za n\u00edm je hladina vody o 6 m v\u00fd\u0161.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>P\u0159i ra\u017eb\u011b tunelu bylo protnuto v\u00edce jeskyn\u00ed a trativod\u016f. T\u00edm hydrologicky nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm je jeskyn\u011b Stovka (jej\u00ed n\u00e1zev je odvozen od toho, \u017ee ji \u0161tola p\u0159e\u0165ala 100 m od jej\u00edho \u00fast\u00ed do Pust\u00e9ho \u017elebu &#8211; viz mapa), kterou, jak je dnes prok\u00e1z\u00e1no barv\u00edc\u00edmi pokusy, sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed k Mal\u00e9mu v\u00fdtoku vody od Ostrova a Vil\u00e9movic. V z\u00e1vislosti na vodn\u00edm stavu ur\u010dit\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed t\u011bchto &#8222;v\u00fdchodn\u00edch&#8220; vod vyt\u00e9k\u00e1 i z jeskyn\u011b \u010cty\u0159ic\u00edtka (n\u00e1zev vznikl obdobn\u011b jako u Stovky), p\u0159i na\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b \u0161toly p\u00e1r vte\u0159inov\u00fdch litr\u016f teklo z pukliny pod vchodem do \u010cty\u0159ic\u00edtky. P\u0159i proch\u00e1zce \u0161tolou v\u0161ak vid\u00edme tak\u00e9 n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edtok\u016f z protilehl\u00e9 st\u011bny, tedy zprava (br\u00e1no ve sm\u011bru toku vody), z nich\u017e ten nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je v map\u011b ozna\u010den \u010d\u00edslem 4 (p\u0159edstavuje pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed Stovky, jej\u00ed\u017e k severu klesaj\u00edc\u00ed chodba byla \u0161tolou p\u0159e\u0165ata ve sv\u00e9m strop\u011b; tedy chodba p\u0159\u00edtoku \u010d. 4 se k severu z\u00e1hy no\u0159\u00ed pod hladinu). Tedy to jsou vody Punkvy, kter\u00e9 sem sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed od Mal\u00e9ho propad\u00e1n\u00ed! V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch odstavc\u00edch v\u00edce rozvedu&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bilan\u010dn\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed &#8222;Mal\u00e9 propad\u00e1n\u00ed Punkvy &#8211; odvod\u0148ovac\u00ed \u0161tola&#8220; (13. listopadu 2018)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Po tom, co jsem vid\u011bl p\u0159ed t\u00fddnem, nedalo mi to a rozhodl jsem se ud\u011blat alespo\u0148 takovou malou bilanci Punkevn\u00edch vod od Mal\u00e9ho propad\u00e1n\u00ed do odvod\u0148ovac\u00ed \u0161toly. Byla to akce &#8222;na rychlo&#8220;, abychom z\u00edskali alespo\u0148 orienta\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159edstavu pro dal\u0161\u00ed, l\u00e9pe p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Vodn\u00ed stav na LG Skaln\u00ed Ml\u00fdn (\u010d. 8) byl v \u00fater\u00fd 13. listopadu kr\u00e1tce po ob\u011bd\u011b 16 cm, co\u017e podle platn\u00e9 m\u011brn\u00e9 k\u0159ivky p\u0159edstavuje pr\u016ftok 95 l\/s. Jako prvn\u00ed jsem zm\u011b\u0159il pr\u016ftok Punkvy tekouc\u00ed od p\u0159\u00edstavi\u0161t\u011b (V\u00fdtok Punkvy) do Mal\u00e9ho propad\u00e1n\u00ed, tedy mno\u017estv\u00ed vody pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed podzemn\u00edmi trativody do odvod\u0148ovac\u00ed \u0161toly (a nejen tam&#8230;?). D\u011blalo to 52 l\/s. Pot\u00e9 jsme se s kolegou odebrali do \u0161toly. Pozorn\u011b jsme sledovali pravou st\u011bnu \u0161toly, ze kter\u00e9 Punkva p\u0159it\u00e9k\u00e1. Prvn\u00ed slab\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtok po cest\u011b ke stavidlu (odhadem cca 1 a\u017e 2 dcl\/s) byl patrn\u00fd hned naproti vchodu do \u010cty\u0159ic\u00edtky, ten sem ale asi prosakuje u\u017e z \u0159e\u010di\u0161t\u011b pod Mal\u00fdm v\u00fdtokem, jak napov\u00edd\u00e1 pohled do mapy, t\u00edm p\u00e1dem by se m\u011blo jednat o ostrovsko-vil\u00e9movick\u00e9 vody&#8230; Hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtok, tentokr\u00e1t u\u017e z Punkvy, je o n\u011bco d\u00e1l, naproti vchodu do Stovky (\u010d. 4). Trativod m\u00e1 p\u0159i \u00fast\u00ed do \u0161toly \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku necel\u00fdch t\u0159\u00ed metr\u016f, voda z n\u011bj ale vyt\u00e9k\u00e1 zna\u010dn\u011b pomalu. Pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pr\u016ftoku jsme zvolili ultrazvukov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstroj FlowTracker od firmy SonTek, funguj\u00edc\u00ed na b\u00e1zi Dopplerova efektu. Kolega nam\u011b\u0159il 26 l\/s. J\u00e1 jsem \u0161el d\u00e1l, po cest\u011b bylo v prav\u00e9 st\u011bn\u011b patrn\u00fdch p\u00e1r slab\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edtok\u016f v \u0159\u00e1du op\u011bt maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 2 dcl\/s. Asi 70 m od \u00fast\u00ed Stovky je p\u0159\u00edtok o n\u011bco vydatn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a po dal\u0161\u00edch 15 metrech dal\u0161\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtok (m\u00edsto \u010d. 7). Oba jsou rozm\u011brov\u011b men\u0161\u00ed (prvn\u00ed m\u00e1 \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku 14 cm, druh\u00fd p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b p\u016fl metru), voda z nich ale vyt\u00e9k\u00e1 v\u00fdrazn\u011b rychleji ne\u017e naproti Stovce. K m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed jsem pou\u017eil hydrometrickou vrtuli, pr\u016ftok v prvn\u00edm men\u0161\u00edm d\u011blal 2 l\/s, v tom druh\u00e9m v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm 13 l\/s. Cestou d\u00e1l ke stavidlu jsem narazil je\u0161t\u011b na jeden drobn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtok, op\u011bt tak 1 a\u017e 2 dcl\/s.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Kdy\u017e tedy se\u010dtu pr\u016ftoky z prav\u00e9 st\u011bny \u0161toly &#8211; ze t\u0159\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch trativod\u016f, plus k tomu jeden vte\u0159inov\u00fd litr za v\u0161echny ty dal\u0161\u00ed drobn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtoky, dohromady dostanu 42 l\/s. Do Mal\u00e9ho propad\u00e1n\u00ed teklo 52 l\/s, tak\u017ee 10 vte\u0159inov\u00fdch litr\u016f se n\u00e1m n\u011bkde &#8222;fl\u00e1k\u00e1&#8220;. Nejpravd\u011bpodobn\u011bji te\u010dou tak\u00e9 do \u0161toly, ale \u00fast\u00ed do n\u00ed t\u011bsn\u011b nad jej\u00edm dnem, tak\u017ee nejsou okem patrn\u00e9. \u010c\u00e1st m\u016f\u017ee sm\u011b\u0159ovat tak\u00e9 od Mal\u00e9ho propad\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo do Mal\u00e9ho v\u00fdtoku, ani na tom by nebylo nic divn\u00e9ho. To je tedy sou\u010dasn\u00e1 situace. Mo\u017en\u00e9 cesty vody jsou schematicky nazna\u010deny v map\u011b (modr\u00e9 \u0161ipky).<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pro stanoven\u00ed jednozna\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1v\u011br\u016f bude t\u0159eba vykonat dal\u0161\u00ed, d\u016fkladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bilan\u010dn\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Krom\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e popsan\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch profil\u016f se nab\u00edz\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vody vyt\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00ed z Mal\u00e9ho v\u00fdtoku a pr\u016ftoku Punkvy ve \u0161tole v r\u016fzn\u00fdch vzd\u00e1lenostech od jej\u00edho \u00fast\u00ed do \u017elebu. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, sou\u010dasn\u00e1 situace napov\u00edd\u00e1, \u017ee <strong><em>v \u010dasech neovlivn\u011bn\u00fdch odvod\u0148ovac\u00ed \u0161tolou Punkva z Mal\u00e9ho propad\u00e1n\u00ed tekla stejn\u00fdmi trativody jako dnes (viz modr\u00e9 \u0161ipky v map\u011b) jak k jihu a jihoz\u00e1padu vst\u0159\u00edc ostrovsko-vil\u00e9movick\u00fdm vod\u00e1m, tak k z\u00e1padu p\u0159\u00edmo do Mal\u00e9ho v\u00fdtoku. Ur\u010dit\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st t\u011bchto vod dosp\u011bla a\u017e k m\u00edstu \u010d. 5, kde se spojila s ostrovsko-vil\u00e9movick\u00fdmi vodami a n\u00ed\u017ee polo\u017een\u00fdm trativodem (prob\u00edh\u00e1 pod odvod\u0148ovac\u00ed \u0161tolou, se kterou se mimo\u00farov\u0148ov\u011b k\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u00ed v m\u00edst\u011b \u010d. 6) pak pokra\u010dovala opa\u010dn\u00fdm sm\u011brem k Mal\u00e9mu v\u00fdtoku. Tak jako dnes v\u0161e z\u00e1viselo na moment\u00e1ln\u00edm vodn\u00edm stavu.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1498\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1498\" style=\"width: 636px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/2018\/11\/27\/odvodnovaci-stola-punkevnich-jeskyni-pohled-do-minulosti\/p1040035\/#main\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1498\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1498\" src=\"http:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/P1040035-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"636\" height=\"477\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/P1040035-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/P1040035-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/P1040035-1024x768.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 636px) 100vw, 636px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1498\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jak hl\u00e1s\u00e1 cedule ve vstupu do \u0161toly&#8230; &#8222;Ohro\u017een\u00ed \u017eivota&#8220;. Bez ohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed na Punkevn\u00edch jeskyn\u00edch bych sem\u00a0 nikdy ne\u0161el!<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho snad plyne, \u017ee hydrologick\u00e1 situace zde nebyla a nen\u00ed nijak jednoduch\u00e1. Bylo by zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, m\u00edt mo\u017enost v\u0161e zkoumat bez ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed technick\u00fdm d\u00edlem \u0161toly, ale to je u\u017e nen\u00e1vratn\u011b ztraceno. Kdy\u017e se to tak vezme&#8230; ka\u017ed\u00e1 p\u0159ehrada se d\u00e1 jednou vypustit a zbourat a star\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed \u00fadol\u00ed se po p\u00e1r des\u00edtk\u00e1ch let &#8222;zvet\u00ed&#8220; a za tis\u00edc let ani nebudeme v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee tu n\u011bjak\u00e1 p\u0159ehrada byla. Toto ale o krasu rozhodn\u011b neplat\u00ed! V\u00e1pence se sice rozpou\u0161t\u00ed, jeskynn\u00ed chodby se zan\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed, proplachuj\u00ed a bort\u00ed, ale aby byl &#8222;smaz\u00e1n&#8220; hydrologick\u00fd vliv technick\u00e9ho z\u00e1kroku takov\u00e9ho rozsahu, jako je Punkevn\u00ed odvod\u0148ovac\u00ed \u0161tola, musela by nastat zm\u011bna srovnateln\u00e1 t\u0159eba se vznikem propasti Macocha&#8230; A to jsou ud\u00e1losti p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed u\u017e po des\u00edtk\u00e1ch tis\u00edc let&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b&#8230; Karel Absolon si sv\u016fj sen o odvod\u0148ovac\u00ed \u0161tole musel vybojovat. Trvalo mu to cel\u00fdch p\u011bt let, ne\u017e svoje odp\u016frce p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dil. Pro\u010d\u00edtal jsem se kapitolami jeho monografie, kde se t\u00e9to v\u011bci v\u011bnuje a je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee argument\u016fm t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se n\u011b\u010deho jako je ochrana p\u0159\u00edrody, ne\u0159kuli nevratn\u00e1 zm\u011bna hydrologick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu Punkvy, v\u016fbec \u010delit nemusel. Ono se ani nen\u00ed \u010demu divit&#8230; V\u011bt\u0161ina jeho oponent\u016f nem\u011bla o krasov\u00e9 hydrologii ani pon\u011bt\u00ed, v t\u00e9 dob\u011b panovaly i mezi odborn\u00edky dosti rozd\u00edln\u00e9 n\u00e1zory na to, jak to pod hladinou krasov\u00e9 vody vlastn\u011b vypad\u00e1&#8230; (pozn.: Mnoz\u00ed zde o\u010dek\u00e1vali pr\u016flinovou propustnost, jakou zn\u00e1me t\u0159eba z p\u00edskovcov\u00fdch sediment\u016f a ne &#8222;otev\u0159en\u00e9&#8220; chodby.) Souhlasil bych s Absolonem, \u017ee boj vedl hlavn\u011b &#8222;s lidskou po\u0161etilost\u00ed, hloupost\u00ed a z\u00e1vist\u00ed&#8220;. No jo&#8230; Ale kdyby ty \u0161patn\u00e9 vlastnosti tehdy zv\u00edt\u011bzily, nemusel bych tu te\u010f \u017eehrat nad ztr\u00e1tou p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho hydrologick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu Punkvy&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nad\u0161en\u00fd turista vystupuje z lodi\u010dky na p\u0159\u00edstavi\u0161ti Punkevn\u00edch jeskyn\u00ed a kdov\u00ed, jestli si vlastn\u011b uv\u011bdomuje, \u017ee \u00farove\u0148 hladiny Punkvy a pota\u017emo cel\u00e1 podzemn\u00ed plavba, je zde um\u011ble udr\u017eov\u00e1na v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm technick\u00fdm d\u00edlem&#8230; Samotn\u00e9ho by m\u011b nenapadlo ps\u00e1t tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek, p\u016fvodcem my\u0161lenky je RNDr. Anton\u00edn T\u016fma, geolog Spr\u00e1vy CHKO Moravsk\u00fd kras. Ned\u00e1vno se m\u011b zeptal, co vlastn\u011b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1623,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"coauthors":[27],"class_list":["post-1376","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-voda","entry","has-media"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/P1040041.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pa1A1I-mc","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1376","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1376"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1376\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1627,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1376\/revisions\/1627"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1623"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1376"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1376"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1376"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=1376"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}