{"id":1249,"date":"2018-11-01T23:12:54","date_gmt":"2018-11-01T22:12:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/?p=1249"},"modified":"2018-11-01T23:14:40","modified_gmt":"2018-11-01T22:14:40","slug":"detekce-znecisteni-prirodni-cestou","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/2018\/11\/01\/detekce-znecisteni-prirodni-cestou\/","title":{"rendered":"Detekce zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed &#8222;p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed&#8220; cestou?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><strong>Je v\u0161eobecn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdm faktem, \u017ee jsou rostliny schopn\u00e9 detekovat a reagovat na chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky v prost\u0159ed\u00ed. \u010c\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci nyn\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161li s nov\u00fdmi poznatky, kter\u00e9 shrnuli v ned\u00e1vn\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle \u010dasopisu Analytical Chemistry.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Ned\u00e1vno <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b03863\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">publikovan\u00e1 studie<\/a> \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f se zab\u00fdvala reakc\u00ed mech\u016f (<em>Atrichum undulatum<\/em>, bezvl\u00e1ska vlnkat\u00e1) na koncentrace oxidu si\u0159i\u010dit\u00e9ho (SO<sub>2<\/sub>). Mechy pat\u0159\u00ed k nejstar\u0161\u00edm rostlin\u00e1m na zemi a podle v\u00fdsledk\u016f studie by mohly slou\u017eit jako levn\u00e1 forma p\u0159ibli\u017en\u00e9 detekce koncentrac\u00ed SO<sub>2<\/sub> v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Mechy jako takov\u00e9 se ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve pou\u017e\u00edvaly jako forma bioindik\u00e1tor\u016f stavu prost\u0159ed\u00ed, p\u0159ekvapila v\u0161ak rychlost reakce na zm\u011bny v prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Ve sv\u00e9 studii v\u011bdci vystavili rostliny r\u016fzn\u00fdm koncentrac\u00edm SO<sub>2<\/sub> v uzav\u0159en\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti v kontrolovan\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. K anal\u00fdze vyu\u017eili vysoce citlivou, levnou webkameru, kter\u00e1 sn\u00edmala zm\u011bny mech\u016f v reakci na zm\u011bny koncentrac\u00ed SO<sub>2<\/sub>.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f zjistil, \u017ee v reakci na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 koncentrace SO<sub>2<\/sub> doch\u00e1zelo k rolov\u00e1n\u00ed, zmen\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di ze\u017eloutnut\u00ed list\u016f mech\u016f. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z t\u011bchto zm\u011bn se nav\u00edc za\u010daly projevovat ji\u017e p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10 vte\u0159in po zm\u011bn\u011b prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Po op\u011btovn\u00e9m sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed SO<sub>2<\/sub> do\u0161lo op\u011bt k postupn\u00e9mu n\u00e1vratu list\u016f do p\u016fvodn\u00edho stavu.<\/p>\n<p>Listy mech\u016f sest\u00e1vaj\u00ed z jedn\u00e9 vrstvy bun\u011bk, co\u017e zaru\u010duje vysok\u00fd pom\u011br plochy k objemu a tedy vysokou citlivost k detekci chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek v prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Z v\u00fdsledk\u016f studie vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee rostliny reaguj\u00ed line\u00e1rn\u011b na koncentraci SO<sub>2<\/sub> v relativn\u011b \u0161irok\u00e9m spektru koncentrac\u00ed od 0 do 180 ppm (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 0 a\u017e 470 \u03bcg\/m<sup>3<\/sup>). Jsou nav\u00edc schopn\u00e9 tolerovat \u0161irok\u00fd rozsah vlhkosti vzduchu od 15 do 85 %.<\/p>\n<p>Vystaven\u00ed SO<sub>2<\/sub> vede ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pH list\u016f, co\u017e vede k vylu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed ho\u0159e\u010dnat\u00fdch iont\u016f z chlorofylu, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek zm\u011bnu barvy ze zelen\u00e9 na \u017elutou. Proto\u017ee je chlorofyl v rostlin\u00e1ch neust\u00e1le vytv\u00e1\u0159en, doch\u00e1z\u00ed po sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed k relativn\u011b rychl\u00e9mu n\u00e1vratu do p\u016fvodn\u00edho stavu. Toto je velkou v\u00fdhodou oproti standardn\u00edm kolorimetrick\u00fdm senzor\u016fm, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e nen\u00ed po zbarven\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 vr\u00e1tit do p\u016fvodn\u00edho stavu a znovu pou\u017e\u00edt.<\/p>\n<p>Je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee tento zp\u016fsob detekce nem\u016f\u017ee nahradit exaktn\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. V\u011bdci se v\u0161ak domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee by tato forma mohla slou\u017eit jako levn\u00e1, orienta\u010dn\u00ed detekce koncentrac\u00ed SO<sub>2<\/sub> z\u00e1visl\u00e1 pouze na p\u0159irozen\u00e9 reakci rostlin, levn\u00e9 webkame\u0159e a softwaru s algoritmem pro obrazovou anal\u00fdzu. V budoucnu by pak mohla existovat teoretick\u00e1 mo\u017enost zp\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed detekce pomoc\u00ed genov\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n<div class=\"su-box su-box-style-soft\" id=\"\" style=\"border-color:#c1cc36;border-radius:6px\"><div class=\"su-box-title\" style=\"background-color:#f4ff69;color:#000000;border-top-left-radius:4px;border-top-right-radius:4px\">Oxid si\u0159i\u010dit\u00fd (SO<sub>2<\/sub>)<\/div><div class=\"su-box-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"border-bottom-left-radius:4px;border-bottom-right-radius:4px\">Bezbarv\u00fd plyn se siln\u00fdm z\u00e1pachem. Mezi hlavn\u00ed zdroje pat\u0159\u00ed spalov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b kvalitn\u00edho uhl\u00ed s vysok\u00fdm obsahem s\u00edry a to jak ve velk\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch objektech, tak v dom\u00e1cnostech. SO<sub>2<\/sub> p\u016fsob\u00ed dr\u00e1\u017ediv\u011b na sliznice d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest a \u0161kod\u00ed i ekosyst\u00e9m\u016fm, jeliko\u017e je jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch prekurzor\u016f kysel\u00fdch de\u0161\u0165\u016f. P\u0159irozen\u011b se do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed dost\u00e1v\u00e1 vulkanickou aktivitou. V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice ji\u017e v sou\u010dasnosti t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k p\u0159ekra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed imisn\u00edho limitu SO<sub>2<\/sub>, k rapidn\u00edmu zlep\u0161en\u00ed do\u0161lo ke konci 90. let a na p\u0159elomu tis\u00edcilet\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na d\u00edky nov\u00fdm limit\u016fm a z toho plynouc\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00edm, kter\u00e9 musely b\u00fdt pat\u0159i\u010dn\u00fdmi zdroji emis\u00ed p\u0159ijaty.<\/div><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Je v\u0161eobecn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdm faktem, \u017ee jsou rostliny schopn\u00e9 detekovat a reagovat na chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky v prost\u0159ed\u00ed. \u010c\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci nyn\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161li s nov\u00fdmi poznatky, kter\u00e9 shrnuli v ned\u00e1vn\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle \u010dasopisu Analytical Chemistry. Ned\u00e1vno publikovan\u00e1 studie \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f se zab\u00fdvala reakc\u00ed mech\u016f (Atrichum undulatum, bezvl\u00e1ska vlnkat\u00e1) na koncentrace oxidu si\u0159i\u010dit\u00e9ho (SO2). Mechy pat\u0159\u00ed k nejstar\u0161\u00edm rostlin\u00e1m na [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1251,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5],"tags":[87,88],"coauthors":[19],"class_list":["post-1249","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ovzdusi","tag-so2","tag-studie","entry","has-media"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/moss-3101476_640.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pa1A1I-k9","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1249","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1249"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1249\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1262,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1249\/revisions\/1262"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1251"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1249"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1249"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1249"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=1249"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}