{"id":3329,"date":"2020-03-23T19:45:18","date_gmt":"2020-03-23T18:45:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/?page_id=3329"},"modified":"2020-03-29T11:28:57","modified_gmt":"2020-03-29T09:28:57","slug":"emise-co2-a-dalsich-sklenikovych-plynu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/emise-co2-a-dalsich-sklenikovych-plynu\/","title":{"rendered":"Emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> a dal\u0161\u00edch sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><strong>Na t\u00e9to str\u00e1nce si p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme podrobn\u00e9 informace o emis\u00edch sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f\u00a0a dal\u0161\u00edch t\u00e9matech s t\u00edmto spojen\u00fdch prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u010d\u00edsel a graf\u016f. Pod\u00edv\u00e1me se na to, kter\u00fd region \u010di zem\u011b m\u00e1 emise nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, jak se tyto pod\u00edly a absolutn\u00ed emise vyv\u00edjely v historii a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edho.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Autor: <a href=\"https:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/author\/admin\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">J\u00e1chym Brzezina<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Obsah<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"#ch1\">1. Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed teplota vzduchu<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#ch2\">2. CO<sub>2<\/sub> koncentrace<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#ch3\">3. CO<sub>2<\/sub> emise podle regionu<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#ch4\">4. Emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> na obyvatele<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#ch5\">5. Emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> podle zem\u00ed (absolutn\u00ed hodnoty)<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#ch6\">6. Pod\u00edl zem\u00ed na celkov\u00fdch CO<sub>2<\/sub> emis\u00edch<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#ch7\">7.\u00a0Kumulativn\u00ed emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> podle zem\u00ed<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#ch8\">8.\u00a0Vliv importu a exportu<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#ch9\">9.\u00a0Emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> podle paliva<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#ch10\">10.\u00a0CO<sub>2<\/sub> emise podle sektoru<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#ch13\">11.\u00a0Emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> na osobu ku hrub\u00e9mu dom\u00e1c\u00edmu produktu (GDP) na osobu<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#ch11\">12.\u00a0Ostatn\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00e9 plyny<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#ch12\">13.\u00a0Budouc\u00ed v\u00fdvoj<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#ch14\">14. Zdroje dat<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Koncentrace sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e jsou velmi o\u017eehav\u00fdm t\u00e9matem posledn\u00ed doby. Zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f (greenhouse gases, GHGs) v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e zp\u016fsobuje glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e m\u00e1 celou \u0159adu negativn\u00edch dopad\u016f pro lidstvo. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vliv m\u00e1 v tomto sm\u011bru zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho (CO<sub>2<\/sub>).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed teplota vzduchu<\/h2>\n<p>Od doby p\u0159ed pr\u016fmyslovou revoluc\u00ed narostla pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 glob\u00e1ln\u00ed teplota o v\u00edce ne\u017e 1 \u00b0C. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed graf ukazuje odchylku pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00ed teploty od norm\u00e1lu 1961-1990. \u010cerven\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1ra ukazuje pr\u016fm\u011brnou hodnotu, \u0161ed\u00e9 linie zna\u010d\u00ed horn\u00ed a doln\u00ed interval spolehlivosti. Prudk\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst vid\u00edme zejm\u00e9na od 80. let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><iframe style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\" src=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/temperature-anomaly\"><\/iframe><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 teplota relativn\u011b k norm\u00e1lu 1961-1990. \u010cerven\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1ra zna\u010d\u00ed medi\u00e1n odchylky, \u0161ed\u00e9 zna\u010d\u00ed mez 95% intervalu spolehlivosti. Tla\u010d\u00edtkem &#8222;Change region&#8220; vlevo dole m\u016f\u017eete zm\u011bnit region (Northern hemisphere &#8211; Severn\u00ed polokoule, Southern hemisphere &#8211; Ji\u017en\u00ed polokoule).\u00a0<\/span><\/em><br \/>\n<span id=\"ch2\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>CO<sub>2<\/sub> koncentrace<\/h2>\n<p>V sou\u010dasnosti je koncentrace CO<sub>2<\/sub> na Zemi nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed za posledn\u00edch 800 tis\u00edc let. V d\u00e1vn\u00e9 minulosti sice byly koncentrace je\u0161t\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ale alarmuj\u00edc\u00ed je zejm\u00e9na sou\u010dasn\u00fd prudk\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst. Ten je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1n zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edmi se emisemi sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm grafu vid\u00edme pr\u016fb\u011bh koncentrac\u00ed CO<sub>2<\/sub> od doby p\u0159ed 800 tis\u00edci lety a\u017e do sou\u010dasnosti. Pravideln\u00e9 n\u00e1r\u016fsty a poklesy lze p\u0159ipsat st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed dob ledov\u00fdch. Po dlouhou dobu nedos\u00e1hly koncentrace CO<sub>2<\/sub> hodnoty 300 ppm (parts per million, molekul na jeden milion). Nyn\u00ed jsou v\u0161ak ji\u017e vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 400 ppm. Pokud si graf p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00edte na sou\u010dasnost (p\u0159eta\u017een\u00edm lev\u00e9ho t\u00e1hla pod grafem sm\u011brem doprava) uvid\u00edte, \u017ee prudk\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst za\u010dal p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve 20. stolet\u00ed (ur\u010dit\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst je\u0161t\u011b d\u0159\u00edve).<br \/>\n<iframe style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\" src=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/co2-concentration-long-term\"><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><\/iframe><br \/>\n<em>Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 koncentrace CO2 v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e. Data daleko do minulosti jsou z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1na z vzorku vzduchu ukryt\u00e9m v bublink\u00e1ch ledu z d\u00e1vn\u00fdch dob (vysv\u011btleno nap\u0159. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.osel.cz\/5870-rekonstrukce-mnozstvi-oxidu-uhliciteho-v-atmosfere.html\">zde<\/a>). Modr\u00fdm t\u00e1hlem m\u016f\u017eete m\u011bnit \u010dasov\u00fd rozsah zobrazen\u00fd v grafu.<\/em><br \/>\n<span id=\"ch3\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>CO<sub>2<\/sub> emise podle regionu<\/h2>\n<p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00fd je jist\u011b tak\u00e9 v\u00fdvoj emis\u00ed CO<sub>2<\/sub> dle jednotliv\u00fdch region\u016f. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed graf ukazuje tento v\u00fdvoj od roku 1750 a\u017e po sou\u010dasnost. Kliknut\u00edm na relativn\u00ed \u0161k\u00e1lu (za\u0161krtn\u011bte &#8222;relative&#8220; v lev\u00e9m doln\u00edm rohu) se zobraz\u00ed relativn\u00ed procentu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161k\u00e1la. Je dob\u0159e vid\u011bt, \u017ee v polovin\u011b 18. stolet\u00ed lze p\u0159ipisovat tak\u0159ka ve\u0161ker\u00e9 emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> Evrop\u011b. Pod\u00edl Evropy se pot\u00e9 za\u010dal sni\u017eovat s t\u00edm, jak za\u010daly CO<sub>2<\/sub> emitovat i dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti sv\u011bta. Od poloviny 20. stolet\u00ed vid\u00edme v\u00fdrazn\u011b se zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed pod\u00edl \u010c\u00edny a dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed v Asii. Pokud se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na absolutn\u00ed \u0161k\u00e1lu, pak kolem roku 1900 \u010dinily glob\u00e1ln\u00ed emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2 miliardy tun, zat\u00edmco o 115 let pozd\u011bji, v roce 2015, u\u017e to bylo 36 miliard tun (18n\u00e1sobn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst). Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch zdroj\u016f doch\u00e1z\u00ed v posledn\u00edch letech ke stabilizaci emis\u00ed CO<sub>2<\/sub>, podle dat z Global Carbon Project emise st\u00e1le rostou, v roce 2018 o 2,7 % a o rok pozd\u011bji o 0,6 %.<\/p>\n<p><iframe style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\" src=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/annual-co-emissions-by-region\"><\/iframe><em>Celkov\u00e9 emise podle region\u016f v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu. Za\u0161krtnut\u00edm pole &#8222;relative&#8220; v lev\u00e9m doln\u00edm rohu m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159ep\u00ednat mezi relativn\u00edmi a absolutn\u00edmi hodnotami. 28 zem\u00ed EU (EU-28), Evropa &#8211; ostatn\u00ed (EU &#8211; other), USA (United States), Amerika &#8211; ostatn\u00ed (Americas &#8211; other), St\u0159edn\u00ed v\u00fdchod (Middle East), Afrika (Africa), Indie (India), \u010c\u00edna (China), Asie a Pacifik &#8211; ostatn\u00ed (Asia and Pacific &#8211; other), Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed p\u0159eprava (International transport).<\/em><br \/>\n<span id=\"ch4\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> na obyvatele<\/h2>\n<p>Srovn\u00e1vat emise jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt m\u00edrn\u011b zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed. Je toti\u017e logick\u00e9, \u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad \u010c\u00edna bude m\u00edt vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed emise ne\u017e \u010cesk\u00e1 republika, proto\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o zemi s t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 140x v\u00edce obyvateli a v\u00edce ne\u017e ston\u00e1sobnou rozlohou. V tomto sm\u011bru je tedy vhodn\u00e9 p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edtat emise na po\u010det obyvatel, tedy spo\u010d\u00edtat emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> na jednoho obyvatele. V tomto grafu nen\u00ed br\u00e1no v potaz, kam se zbo\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017e\u00ed, jedn\u00e1 se o emise, kter\u00e9 byly v dan\u00e9 zemi vyprodukov\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n<p>Na prvn\u00ed pohled jsou vid\u011bt velk\u00e9 rozd\u00edly mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi a cel\u00e1 mapa vypad\u00e1 o hodn\u011b jinak, ne\u017e mapa ukazuj\u00edc\u00ed absolutn\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed emise na obyvatele maj\u00ed zem\u011b na arabsk\u00e9m poloostrovu s rozvinut\u00fdm ropn\u00fdm pr\u016fmyslem &#8211; nap\u0159\u00edklad Kuvajt nebo Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty. Naopak nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edch hodnot dosahuj\u00ed zem\u011b st\u0159edn\u00ed Afriky, Papua Nov\u00e1 Guinea nebo nap\u0159\u00edklad Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>Ze zem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed relativn\u011b vysok\u00e9 emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> na obyvatele v roce 2017 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 se jedn\u00e1 o zem\u011b s relativn\u011b vysok\u00fdm po\u010dtem obyvatel, m\u016f\u017eeme jmenovat nap\u0159\u00edklad Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty americk\u00e9 (16,24 t), Austr\u00e1lii (16,90 t) nebo Kanadu (15,64 t). Celosv\u011btov\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br \u010din\u00ed 4,8 tun na osobu za rok. P\u0159edchoz\u00ed t\u0159i zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 zem\u011b tedy produkuj\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b na osobu v\u00edce ne\u017e trojn\u00e1sobek.<\/p>\n<p>Na prvn\u00ed pohled by se mohlo zd\u00e1t, \u017ee emise na osobu do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry souvis\u00ed s rozvinutost\u00ed dan\u00e9 zem\u011b a \u017eivotn\u00edmi standardy. To v\u0161ak \u00fapln\u011b nen\u00ed pravda. Nap\u0159\u00edklad \u0159ada velmi rozvinut\u00fdch zem\u00ed v Evrop\u011b m\u00e1 na osobu emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> relativn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 &#8211; jmenovat m\u016f\u017eeme t\u0159eba \u0160v\u00e9dsko (4,19 t), Velkou Brit\u00e1nii (5,18 t), Francii (5,48 t). V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice to podle tohoto zdroje dat z roku 2017 bylo n\u011bco m\u00e1lo p\u0159es 10 t na osobu. Podobn\u011b jako \u010cesk\u00e1 republika je na tom nap\u0159\u00edklad N\u011bmecko nebo Nizozemsko. Kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v rozd\u00edlech mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi v Evrop\u011b hraje zdroj energie. Nap\u0159\u00edklad Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie nebo Francie maj\u00ed vysok\u00fd pod\u00edl v\u00fdroby elekt\u0159iny z jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren, v n\u011bkter\u00fdch dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00edch v Evrop\u011b je zase v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, co\u017e do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry souvis\u00ed s m\u00edstn\u00edmi podm\u00ednkami &#8211; rychlosti v\u011btru, dostupnost geoterm\u00e1ln\u00edch zdroj\u016f, intenzita slune\u010dn\u00ed radiace atd.<\/p>\n<p>Jak ovl\u00e1dat mapu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>kliknut\u00edm na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed zemi zobraz\u00edte pr\u016fb\u011bh v\u00fdvoje emis\u00ed CO<sub>2<\/sub> na obyvatele s mo\u017enost\u00ed p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed. Do mapy se vr\u00e1t\u00edte tla\u010d\u00edtkem Map pod mapou.<\/li>\n<li>najet\u00edm na legendu se zobraz\u00ed zem\u011b spadaj\u00edc\u00ed do dan\u00e9 kategorie.<\/li>\n<li>kliknut\u00edm na tla\u010d\u00edtko &#8222;P\u0159ehr\u00e1t&#8220; (troj\u00faheln\u00edk pod mapu) se spust\u00ed animace pr\u016fb\u011bhu. Nebo si m\u016f\u017eete t\u00e1hlem manu\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ej\u00ed\u017ed\u011bt v \u010dase.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><iframe style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\" src=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/co-emissions-per-capita?country=CZE\"><\/iframe><em>CO<sub>2<\/sub> emise na obyvatele v tun\u00e1ch za rok.\u00a0<\/em><br \/>\n<span id=\"ch5\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> podle zem\u00ed (absolutn\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla)<\/h2>\n<p>V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fd odstavec pojedn\u00e1val o emis\u00edch na obyvatele. V absolutn\u00edch \u010d\u00edslech je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b rozlo\u017een\u00ed a po\u0159ad\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00ed od nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch po nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed zna\u010dn\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed emis\u00ed produkov\u00e1no v Asii (53 %) &#8211; je to ale tak\u00e9 kontinent, na kter\u00e9m \u017eije 60 % sv\u011btov\u00e9 populace. Celkov\u00e9 emise Asie jako celku jsou tedy na obyvatele pod hranic\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9ho pr\u016fm\u011bru. Ze v\u0161ech zem\u00ed je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed emitov\u00e1no v \u010c\u00edn\u011b a to s velk\u00fdm n\u00e1skokem (9,84 tun ro\u010dn\u011b), n\u00e1sleduj\u00ed pak Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty Americk\u00e9 (5,27 miliard tun). Celkov\u011b bylo v roce 2017 vyprodukov\u00e1no 36,2 miliard tun CO<sub>2<\/sub>, \u010c\u00edna tedy emituje t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 25 % glob\u00e1ln\u00edho mno\u017estv\u00ed. Severn\u00ed Amerika s 18 % z glob\u00e1ln\u00edho celku je sv\u00fdmi emisemi velmi podobn\u00e1 Evrop\u011b (17 % glob\u00e1ln\u00edho celku). V r\u00e1mci Evropy (6,1 mld. tun) pak na EU-28 p\u0159ipad\u00e1 3,5 mld tun. Na dal\u0161\u00ed kontinenty pak v roce 2017 p\u0159ipadalo 1,3 mld tun (Afrika, 3,7 % sv\u011btov\u00fdch emis\u00ed), 1,1 mld tun (Ji\u017en\u00ed Amerika, 3,2 % sv\u011btov\u00fdch emis\u00ed), 0,5 mld tun (Oce\u00e1nie, 1,3 % sv\u011btov\u00fdch emis\u00ed). Celkem 1,15 mld tun ro\u010dn\u011b nelze p\u0159ipsat \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zemi a jedn\u00e1 se o emise z mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed osobn\u00ed a n\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159epravy (3,2 % sv\u011btov\u00fdch emis\u00ed).<\/p>\n<p>V Asii, jak ji\u017e bylo \u0159e\u010deno, m\u00e1 emise jednozna\u010dn\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010c\u00edna, n\u00e1sleduje pak Indie a Japonsko. V Severn\u00ed Americe dominuj\u00ed Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty Americk\u00e9, n\u00e1sledov\u00e1ny Kanadou a Mexikem. V Evrop\u011b m\u00e1 emise nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed EU-28, n\u00e1sleduje Rusko a Turecko. V Africe p\u0159ipad\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed na Jihoafrickou republiku, v Ji\u017en\u00ed Americe na Braz\u00edlii, v Oce\u00e1nii na Austr\u00e1lii.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed mapa je velmi podobn\u00e1 p\u0159edchoz\u00ed map\u011b, ale nam\u00edsto emis\u00ed na obyvatele ukazuje celkov\u00e9 absolutn\u00ed hodnoty pro jednotliv\u00e9 zem\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Jak ovl\u00e1dat mapu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>kliknut\u00edm na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed zemi zobraz\u00edte pr\u016fb\u011bh v\u00fdvoje emis\u00ed CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0 s mo\u017enost\u00ed p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed. Do mapy se vr\u00e1t\u00edte tla\u010d\u00edtkem Map pod mapou.<\/li>\n<li>najet\u00edm na legendu se zobraz\u00ed zem\u011b spadaj\u00edc\u00ed do dan\u00e9 kategorie.<\/li>\n<li>kliknut\u00edm na tla\u010d\u00edtko &#8222;P\u0159ehr\u00e1t&#8220; (troj\u00faheln\u00edk pod mapu) se spust\u00ed animace pr\u016fb\u011bhu. Nebo si m\u016f\u017eete t\u00e1hlem manu\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ej\u00ed\u017ed\u011bt v \u010dase.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><iframe style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\" src=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/annual-co2-emissions-per-country\"><\/iframe><br \/>\n<em>Celkov\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00ed emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> pro jednotliv\u00e9 zem\u011b v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu (million = milion, billion = miliarda).<\/em><br \/>\n<span id=\"ch6\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Pod\u00edl zem\u00ed na celkov\u00fdch emis\u00edch CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/h2>\n<p>O pod\u00edlu jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00ed jsme mluvili ji\u017e v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm odstavci. N\u00e1zorn\u011bji v\u0161ak tento pod\u00edl ukazuje n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed mapa, kter\u00e1 nav\u00edc ukazuje i historick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj od roku 1750. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku byly tak\u0159ka ve\u0161ker\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 emise koncentrovan\u00e9 na \u00fazem\u00ed Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie a to dokonce a\u017e do roku 1888, kdy se ujaly nevaln\u00e9ho prvenstv\u00ed Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty Americk\u00e9. Toto je d\u00e1no faktem, \u017ee Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie byla prvn\u00ed zem\u00ed, kde odstartovala pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 revoluce. V posledn\u00edch dek\u00e1d\u00e1ch pozorujeme v\u00fdrazn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst pod\u00edlu Asie. Toto souvis\u00ed s rozvojem t\u011bchto zem\u00ed, co\u017e nejl\u00e9pe ilustruje pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd v\u011bk do\u017eit\u00ed, kter\u00fd v roce 1950 p\u0159edstavoval v Asii 41 let, o 33 let m\u00e9n\u011b, ne\u017e je tomu nyn\u00ed (74 let).<\/p>\n<p><iframe style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\" src=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/annual-share-of-co2-emissions?year=1751\"><\/iframe><em>Ro\u010dn\u00ed pod\u00edl emis\u00ed dan\u00e9 zem\u011b na celosv\u011btov\u00fdch emis\u00edch CO<sub>2<\/sub> v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu.\u00a0<\/em><br \/>\n<span id=\"ch7\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Kumulativn\u00ed emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> podle zem\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>A\u017e dote\u010f jsme se zab\u00fdvali pouze emisemi v jednotliv\u00e9 roky. Jak jsme vid\u011bli na p\u0159edchoz\u00edch map\u00e1ch, pod\u00edl a mno\u017estv\u00ed emitovan\u00e9 jednotliv\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi se od roku 1750 velmi m\u011bnilo. Poj\u010fme se tedy te\u010f pod\u00edvat na to, jak vypad\u00e1 situace, pokud spo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1me celkov\u00e9 emise na jednotliv\u00e9 regiony a zem\u011b od roku 1751.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/co2-and-other-greenhouse-gas-emissions#how-do-we-measure-or-estimate-co2-emissions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Odhaduje se<\/a>, \u017ee celkov\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed emitovan\u00e9ho CO<sub>2<\/sub> od roku 1751 antropogenn\u00ed \u010dinnost\u00ed je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1,5 bilion\u016f tun CO<sub>2<\/sub>. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed data tedy ukazuj\u00ed kumulativn\u00ed sou\u010det emis\u00ed CO<sub>2<\/sub> jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00ed a region\u016f za obdob\u00ed 1751 a\u017e 2017.<\/p>\n<h3>Podle region\u016f<\/h3>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 88px;\" border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 22px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 22px;\"><strong>Region<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 22px;\"><strong>Kumulativn\u00ed emise CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 22px;\"><strong>Pod\u00edl ze sv\u011btov\u00e9ho kumulativn\u00edho celku<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 22px;\"><strong>Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed emise<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 22px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 22px;\">Evropa<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 22px;\">514 mld. tun<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 22px;\">33 %<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 22px;\">EU-28<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 22px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 22px;\">Severn\u00ed Amerika<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 22px;\">457 mld. tun<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 22px;\">29 %<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 22px;\">Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty Americk\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 22px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 22px;\">Asie<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 22px;\">457 mld. tun<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 22px;\">29 %<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 22px;\">\u010c\u00edna<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">Afrika<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">43 mld. tun<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">3 %<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">Jihoafrick\u00e1 republika<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">Ji\u017en\u00ed Amerika<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">40 mld. tun<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">3 %<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">Braz\u00edlie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">Oce\u00e1nie<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">20 mld. tun<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">1,2 %<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\">Austr\u00e1lie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Jak tedy vid\u00edme, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl m\u00e1 historicky st\u00e1le Evropa (t\u0159etinov\u00fd). N\u00e1sleduje vyrovnan\u011b Asie a Severn\u00ed Amerika &#8211; vzhledem k sou\u010dasn\u00e9mu trendu je ale jasn\u00e9, \u017ee Asie v brzk\u00e9 dob\u011b bude m\u00edt kumulativn\u00ed emise vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Severn\u00ed Amerika a v\u00fdhledov\u011b i ne\u017e Evropa, proto\u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b v Asii nyn\u00ed emise nejrychleji rostou.<\/p>\n<h3>Podle zem\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Ze v\u0161ech zem\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b maj\u00ed moment\u00e1ln\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed kumulativn\u00ed emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty Americk\u00e9 (400 mld. tun, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b \u010dtvrtina sv\u011btov\u00fdch kumulativn\u00edch emis\u00ed CO<sub>2<\/sub> od roku 1751). Kumulativn\u00ed sou\u010det USA je v tuto chv\u00edli v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159esn\u011b dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00fd, ne\u017e kolik \u010din\u00ed sou\u010det \u010c\u00edny (200 mld. tun). V\u00fdznamn\u00fd pod\u00edl m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 Rusko (100 mld. tun). Naopak n\u011bkter\u00e9 dnes v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zem\u011b nemaj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fd historick\u00fd pod\u00edl, proto\u017ee jejich emise narostly v\u00fdrazn\u011b a\u017e v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b (nap\u0159\u00edklad Indie nebo Braz\u00edlie). Z evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed m\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed kumulativn\u00ed emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie (77,1 mld. tun) a N\u011bmecko (90,6 mld. tun).<\/p>\n<p>Jak ovl\u00e1dat mapu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>kliknut\u00edm na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed zemi zobraz\u00edte pr\u016fb\u011bh v\u00fdvoje kumulativn\u00edch emis\u00ed CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0 s mo\u017enost\u00ed p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed. Do mapy se vr\u00e1t\u00edte tla\u010d\u00edtkem Map pod mapou.<\/li>\n<li>najet\u00edm na legendu se zobraz\u00ed zem\u011b spadaj\u00edc\u00ed do dan\u00e9 kategorie.<\/li>\n<li>kliknut\u00edm na tla\u010d\u00edtko &#8222;P\u0159ehr\u00e1t&#8220; (troj\u00faheln\u00edk pod mapu) se spust\u00ed animace pr\u016fb\u011bhu. Nebo si m\u016f\u017eete t\u00e1hlem manu\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ej\u00ed\u017ed\u011bt v \u010dase.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><iframe style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\" src=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/cumulative-co-emissions?country=ARG\"><\/iframe><em>Kumulativn\u00ed emise CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0ze spalov\u00e1n\u00ed fosiln\u00edch paliv a v\u00fdroby cementu pro jednotliv\u00e9 zem\u011b od roku 1751 (million = milion, billion = miliarda).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fb\u011bh pod\u00edlu jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00ed na kumulativn\u00edch sv\u011btov\u00fdch emis\u00edch CO<sub>2<\/sub> ukazuje n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed mapa.<\/p>\n<p><iframe style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\" src=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/share-of-cumulative-co2\"><\/iframe><em>Pr\u016fb\u011bh pod\u00edlu kumulativn\u00edch emis\u00ed CO<sub>2<\/sub> jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00ed na celkov\u00e9m kumulativn\u00edm sou\u010dtu pro cel\u00fd sv\u011bt od roku 1751.<\/em><br \/>\n<span id=\"ch8\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Vliv importu a exportu<\/h2>\n<p>V\u0161echna p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed data se zab\u00fdvala emisemi jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00ed \u010di region\u016f podle toho, kde dan\u00e9 emise vznikaj\u00ed. \u010casto v\u0161ak je produkt, kter\u00fd byl vyroben v jedn\u00e9 zemi a emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> spojen\u00e9 s v\u00fdrobou tedy p\u0159ipadly pr\u00e1v\u011b na tuto zemi, nakonec skon\u010dil v jin\u00e9 zemi, kde byl prod\u00e1n a vyu\u017eit. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed mapa zohled\u0148uje pr\u00e1v\u011b export a import jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00ed. \u010cerven\u011b zbarven\u00e9 zem\u011b maj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> spojen\u00e9 s importem ne\u017e emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> spojen\u00e9 s exportem. Naopak zem\u011b zbarven\u00e9 do modra maj\u00ed emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> spojen\u00e9 s exportem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e emise spojen\u00e9 s importem. Jako p\u0159\u00edklad m\u016f\u017eeme uv\u00e9st \u010ceskou republiku &#8211; ta m\u00e1 pom\u011br -0,29 %, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee emise spojen\u00e9 s exportem p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00ed a tento rozd\u00edl je ekvivalentn\u00ed 0,29 % celkov\u00fdch ro\u010dn\u00edch emis\u00ed. Pokud bychom tedy vzali v potaz emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> na zemi p\u0159epo\u010dten\u00e9 na c\u00edlovou destinaci produktu, jeho\u017e v\u00fdroba emise zap\u0159\u00ed\u010dinila, emise \u010cR by byly o 0,29 % ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed. Naopak nap\u0159\u00edklad Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty americk\u00e9 maj\u00ed hodnotu +7,7 %, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee po p\u0159epo\u010dtu by emise USA byly o 7,7 % vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Rovn\u011b\u017e si v\u0161imn\u011bte modr\u00e9ho zbarven\u00ed \u010c\u00edny &#8211; zem\u011b s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi emisemi CO<sub>2<\/sub> na sv\u011bt\u011b, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 v\u0161ak pom\u011br -13,9 %, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u0159ada v\u00fdrobk\u016f, jejich\u017e v\u00fdroba je zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za emise CO<sub>2<\/sub>, kon\u010d\u00ed v jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch, co\u017e asi nikoho nep\u0159ekvap\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed m\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed emise importu ne\u017e exportu. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika je v tomto sm\u011bru v\u00fdjimkou, by\u0165 je tento pod\u00edl pro \u010cR jen velmi m\u00edrn\u011b negativn\u00ed. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed emise z importu m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 Severn\u00ed Amerika, v\u011bt\u0161ina zem\u00ed Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky a velmi vysok\u00fd je tento pom\u011br u n\u011bkter\u00fdch africk\u00fdch zem\u00ed (sami produkuj\u00ed CO<sub>2<\/sub> jen minim\u00e1ln\u011b, ale dov\u00e1\u017e\u00ed \u0159adu v\u00fdrobk\u016f). Naopak Asie m\u00e1 tento pom\u011br v\u011bt\u0161inou negativn\u00ed, p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00ed emise exportu.<\/p>\n<p><iframe style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\" src=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/co-emissions-in-imported-goods-as-a-share-of-domestic-emissions\"><\/iframe><em>CO<sub>2<\/sub> emise spojen\u00e9 s obchodem (dovoz a v\u00fdvoz, v\u00fdroba a spot\u0159eba). Pom\u011br emis\u00ed spojen\u00fdch s exportem a emis\u00ed spojen\u00fdch s importem.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Pom\u011br emis\u00ed CO<sub>2<\/sub> z exportu a importu se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu m\u011bnil. Jako p\u0159\u00edklad si m\u016f\u017eeme uv\u00e9st USA a \u010c\u00ednu. V USA byl pom\u011br mezi emisemi CO<sub>2<\/sub> z importu a exportu od roku 1990 do roku 1998 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 0, tedy vyrovnan\u00fd. Od roku 1998 ale do\u0161lo k n\u00e1r\u016fstu pom\u011bru, tedy p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00ed emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> z importu (5,72 mld. tun, 2016) nad emisemi CO<sub>2<\/sub> z exportu (5,31 mld. tun, 2016). V \u010c\u00edn\u011b od roku 1990 v\u017edy p\u0159evl\u00e1daly emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> z exportu, ale tento rozd\u00edl se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu od 90. let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed zvy\u0161uje &#8211; v roce 1990 v\u00fdroba 2,06 mld. tun a spot\u0159eba 1,97 mld. tun, v roce 2016 v\u00fdroba 6,91 mld. tun a spot\u0159eba 6,27 mld. tun. Emise z v\u00fdroby tedy procentu\u00e1ln\u011b narostly v pom\u011bru k spot\u0159eb\u011b z 104,5 % na 110,2 %. Trend je zde opa\u010dn\u00fd ne\u017e v USA.<br \/>\n<span id=\"ch9\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> podle paliva<\/h2>\n<p>Emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> spojen\u00e9 s v\u00fdrobou energie a pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdmi procesy poch\u00e1z\u00ed z r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f paliva. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu se pod\u00edl jednotliv\u00fdch typ\u016f paliv v\u00fdznamn\u011b m\u011bnil a dodnes je pom\u011br velmi r\u016fznorod\u00fd v r\u016fzn\u00fdch koutech sv\u011bta. Od roku 1750 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b do roku 1870 se jednalo tak\u0159ka v\u00fdhradn\u011b o uhl\u00ed (coal). N\u00e1sledn\u011b se za\u010daly projevovat i dal\u0161\u00ed paliva a v roce 1968 poprv\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00fd\u0161ily emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> ze spalov\u00e1n\u00ed ropy (oil) ty ze spalov\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00ed. Od za\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed se pak v\u00fdrazn\u011bji za\u010daly projevovat emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> z v\u00fdroby cementu a spalov\u00e1n\u00ed zemn\u00edho plynu p\u0159i t\u011b\u017eb\u011b (flaring). V n\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00e9 map\u011b si m\u016f\u017eete zobrazit bu\u010f absolutn\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed nebo za\u0161krtnut\u00edm pole &#8222;relative&#8220; v doln\u00edm lev\u00e9m rohu relativn\u00ed pod\u00edly. M\u016f\u017eete si tak\u00e9 zobrazit jednotliv\u00e9 regiony a to kliknut\u00edm na &#8222;Change country\/region&#8220;. Rozd\u00edl je tak\u00e9 zda vznikaj\u00ed emise z technologie v\u00fdroby nebo spalov\u00e1n\u00edm paliva. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b cementu se jedn\u00e1 o emise z oh\u0159evu cement\u00e1rsk\u00fdch pec\u00ed, nikoliv z technologie v\u00fdroby.<\/p>\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad v Evrop\u011b \u010di Asii dominuj\u00ed emise ze spalov\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00ed. Naopak v Severn\u00ed Americe m\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl spalov\u00e1n\u00ed ropy.<\/p>\n<p><iframe style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\" src=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/CO2-by-source?stackMode=absolute\"><\/iframe><em>Emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> podle paliva (billion t = mld. tun). Za\u0161krtnut\u00edm &#8222;relative&#8220; vlevo dole m\u016f\u017eete m\u011bnit mezi absolutn\u00edmi a relativn\u00edmi hodnotami. Tla\u010d\u00edtkem Change region vlevo dole m\u016f\u017eete m\u011bnit oblast z\u00e1jmu. Uhl\u00ed (coal), ropa (oil), plyn (gas), v\u00fdroba cementu (cement),\u00a0spalov\u00e1n\u00ed zemn\u00edho plynu p\u0159i t\u011b\u017eb\u011b (flaring).<\/em><br \/>\n<span id=\"ch10\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>CO<sub>2<\/sub> emise podle sektoru<\/h2>\n<p>Kter\u00fd sektor nejv\u00edce p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k emis\u00edm CO<sub>2<\/sub>? P\u0159esn\u011b na tuto ot\u00e1zku odpov\u00edd\u00e1 n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed graf. Ten ukazuje, \u017ee nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl m\u00e1 v\u00fdroba elekt\u0159iny a tepla \/49,0 %) a tento pod\u00edl se od roku 1960 zvy\u0161uje. Na druh\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b je pak sektor dopravy (20,5 %) spolu se sektorem v\u00fdrobn\u00edho pr\u016fmyslu a stavebnictv\u00ed (20,0 %). Tla\u010d\u00edtkem Change country or region op\u011bt m\u016f\u017eeme vybrat konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed oblast. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v oblasti euroz\u00f3ny tak\u00e9 dominuje v\u00fdroba elekt\u0159iny a tepla (38,8 %), vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznam ne\u017e je celosv\u011btov\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br ale m\u00e1 doprava (29,1 %). V Severn\u00ed Americe tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdroba elekt\u0159iny a tepla 45,3 % a doprava 33,2 %. V \u010c\u00edn\u011b m\u00e1 sektor v\u00fdroby elekt\u0159iny a tepla pod\u00edl polovi\u010dn\u00ed (52,3 %), naopak doprava je m\u00e9n\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 (8,6 %). V\u00fdrazn\u00fd pod\u00edl m\u00e1 v \u010c\u00edn\u011b sektor v\u00fdrobn\u00edho pr\u016fmyslu a stavebnictv\u00ed (31,7 %). V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice p\u0159edstavuje sektor v\u00fdroby tepla a elekt\u0159iny t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 59 %, sektor dopravy 17 % a sektor v\u00fdrobn\u00edho pr\u016fmyslu a stavebnictv\u00ed 14 %.<\/p>\n<p><iframe style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\" src=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/carbon-dioxide-co2-emissions-by-sector-or-source\"><\/iframe><em>Pod\u00edl CO<sub>2<\/sub> emis\u00ed podle sektoru nebo zdroje. V\u00fdroba elekt\u0159iny a tepla (Electricity and heat production), doprava (transport), v\u00fdrobn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl a stavebnictv\u00ed (manufacturing industries &amp; construction), reziden\u010dn\u00ed budovy a ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 a komer\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017eby (residential buldings &amp; commercial and public services), ostatn\u00ed sektory (other sectors).<\/em><br \/>\n<span id=\"ch13\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> na osobu ku hrub\u00e9mu dom\u00e1c\u00edmu produktu (GDP) na osobu<\/h2>\n<p>Ekonomick\u00fd r\u016fst znamen\u00e1 \u010dasto vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed spot\u0159ebu energie, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edru dopravy, intenzitu pr\u016fmyslu atd. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed vizualizace dob\u0159e ilustruje silnou z\u00e1vislost mezi emisemi CO<sub>2<\/sub> na osobu a GDP na osobu. Na grafu jsou ale patrn\u00e9 tak\u00e9 odchylky. Osa X zna\u010d\u00ed hrub\u00fd dom\u00e1c\u00ed produkt na osobu, zem\u011b nejv\u00edce vlevo maj\u00ed nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed GDP na osobu, naopak se zv\u011bt\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed od osy Y (sm\u011brem doprava) GDP na osobu stoup\u00e1. Osa Y pak ukazuje pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> na osobu. Kliknut\u00edm na legendu region\u016f vpravo od grafu m\u016f\u017eete zap\u00ednat\/vyp\u00ednat tyto regiony v grafu. Zem\u011b s pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdm GDP zaznamenaly v posledn\u00edch dek\u00e1d\u00e1ch velmi v\u00fdrazn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst emis\u00ed CO<sub>2<\/sub> (v\u011bt\u0161ina kolem 25-40 %). Av\u0161ak v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zem\u00ed s velmi n\u00edzk\u00fdm hrub\u00fdm dom\u00e1c\u00edm produktem na osobu do\u0161lo v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b naopak k 12% poklesu v mno\u017estv\u00ed emitovan\u00e9ho CO<sub>2<\/sub>.<\/p>\n<p>Data tak\u00e9 nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee je moment\u00e1ln\u011b glob\u00e1ln\u00ed trend sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rozd\u00edl\u016f CO<sub>2<\/sub> emis\u00ed mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi, av\u0161ak nar\u016fst\u00e1 variabilita emis\u00ed na \u010dlov\u011bka v r\u00e1mci stejn\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Obecn\u011b tedy m\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee se pomalu smaz\u00e1vaj\u00ed rozd\u00edly mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi v pr\u016fm\u011bru, ale rozd\u00edly v emis\u00edch na osobu v r\u00e1mci jedn\u00e9 zem\u011b se zvy\u0161uj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Kliknut\u00edm na jednotliv\u00e9 kontinenty v legend\u011b m\u016f\u017eete aktivovat\/deaktivovat jejich zobrazen\u00ed.<br \/>\n<iframe style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\" src=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/co-emissions-per-capita-vs-gdp-per-capita-international-?stackMode=absolute&amp;country=SWZ+TZA+TGO+TUN+UGA+ZMB+ZWE+MRT+MUS+MAR+MOZ+NAM+NER+NGA+RWA+STP+SEN+SYC+SLE+ZAF+SDN+BEN+BWA+BFA+BDI+CMR+CPV+CAF+TCD+COM+COG+CIV+COD+KEN+LSO+LBR+LBY+MDG+MWI+MLI+DZA+AGO+DJI+EGY+GNQ+ETH+GAB+GMB+GHA+GIN+GNB+SYR+TWN+TJK+THA+TUR+TKM+ARE+UZB+VNM+YEM+MNG+MMR+NPL+OMN+PAK+PHL+SAU+SGP+KOR+LKA+KHM+CHN+IND+IDN+IRN+IRQ+ISR+JPN+JOR+KAZ+KWT+KGZ+LAO+LBN+MYS+AFG+ARM+AZE+BHR+BGD+GEO+HKG+SWE+CHE+UKR+GBR+MLT+MDA+MNE+NLD+NOR+POL+PRT+ROU+RUS+SRB+SVK+SVN+ESP+BIH+BGR+HRV+CYP+CZE+DNK+IRL+ITA+LVA+LTU+LUX+MKD+ALB+AUT+BLR+BEL+EST+FIN+FRA+DEU+GRC+HUN+ISL+NZL+AUS+URY+VEN+PRY+PER+BOL+BRA+CHL+COL+ARG+ECU+TTO+USA+MEX+NIC+PAN+LCA+CAN+CRI+JAM+BRB+DMA+DOM+SLV+GTM+HTI+HND\"><\/iframe><em>Emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> na osobu vs. hrub\u00fd dom\u00e1c\u00ed produkt na osobu.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Je sice pravdou, \u017ee v\u00fd\u0161e HDP a r\u016fst ekonomiky v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b koreluje s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi n\u00e1roky na energie, pokud by v\u0161ak energie poch\u00e1zela z obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, nemus\u00ed tento r\u016fst znamenat i navy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed CO<sub>2<\/sub>.<\/p>\n<p>Jak je ale mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 zem\u011b se shodn\u00fdm GDP na osobu maj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00e9 emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> na osobu? Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b na tom, v \u010dem ekonomick\u00fd r\u016fst spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 a jak k n\u011bmu jednotliv\u00e9 zem\u011b p\u0159istupuj\u00ed. Obecn\u011b m\u016f\u017eeme tento parametr ozna\u010dit jako ekonomickou CO<sub>2<\/sub> intenzitu. Ta m\u011b\u0159\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed CO<sub>2<\/sub> emis\u00ed na jednotku hrub\u00e9ho dom\u00e1c\u00edho produktu.<\/p>\n<p>Obecn\u011b CO<sub>2<\/sub> intenzitu ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm tyto dva parametry:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>energetick\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost &#8211; mno\u017estv\u00ed energie vy\u017eadovan\u00e9 na jednotku GDP. Tento parametr souvis\u00ed s produktivitou a \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00fdch technologi\u00ed. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b tak\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na typu ekonomick\u00e9 aktivity &#8211; nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159echod od v\u00fdroby ke slu\u017eb\u011b v\u011bt\u0161inou znamen\u00e1 ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed spot\u0159ebu energie.<\/li>\n<li>uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost &#8211; emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> na jednotku energie. Tento parametr je z\u00e1visl\u00fd p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na energetick\u00fdch zdroj\u00edch, tedy jak byla energie vytvo\u0159ena. Pokud poch\u00e1z\u00ed energie z obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, jsou samoz\u0159ejm\u011b n\u00e1roky CO<sub>2<\/sub> emis\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad uheln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u017d\u00e1douc\u00ed je, aby se CO<sub>2<\/sub> intenzita sni\u017eovala, tedy aby nebyl ekonomick\u00fd r\u016fst podm\u00edn\u011bn r\u016fstem nebo bylo zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed CO<sub>2<\/sub> co mo\u017en\u00e1 nejmen\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed graf ukazuje glob\u00e1ln\u00ed CO<sub>2<\/sub> intenzitu v kgCO<sub>2<\/sub> na dolar GDP. Pozitivn\u00edm faktem je, \u017ee se intenzita od roku 1990 souvisle sni\u017euje z 0,47 kg (1990) na 0,34 kg (2014). Data pro \u010ceskou republiku ukazuj\u00ed na pokles z 0,76 kg (1992) na 0,31 kg (2014). Je tedy vid\u011bt, \u017ee do\u0161lo v \u010cR k v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmu poklesu ne\u017e celosv\u011btov\u011b. Je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pokles zaznamenala \u010c\u00edna (1,41 kg v roce 1990 na 0,59 kg v roce 2014). V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b EU byl pokles z 0,34 kg (1990) na 0,18 kg (2014).<\/p>\n<p>Kliknut\u00edm na &#8222;Add country&#8220; nad legendou m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159id\u00e1vat \u010di odeb\u00edrat jednotliv\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><iframe style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\" src=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/carbon-emission-intensity-of-economies?country=OWID_WRL+CZE+European%20Union+CHN\"><\/iframe><em>Intenzita CO<sub>2<\/sub> emis\u00ed v kgCO<sub>2<\/sub> na $ GDP.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Pokles m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159i\u010d\u00edst zejm\u00e9na zlep\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edm se technologi\u00edm a \u00fa\u010dinnosti v\u00fdroby a proces\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Rozd\u00edl mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi a z\u00e1vislost na GDP zem\u011b ukazuje n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed graf. Na ose X je vynesen hrub\u00fd dom\u00e1c\u00ed produkt na obyvatele, na ose Y intenzita CO<sub>2<\/sub>. Jak je vid\u011bt, trend grafu p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 oblouk &#8211; zem\u011b s velmi n\u00edzk\u00fdm hrub\u00fdm dom\u00e1c\u00edm produktem na osobu maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 n\u00edzkou intenzitu CO<sub>2<\/sub>. Zem\u011b s rozvinut\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ekonomikou maj\u00ed intenzitu CO<sub>2<\/sub> naopak vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, av\u0161ak od ur\u010dit\u00e9ho momentu intenzita zase kles\u00e1 u t\u011bch nejrozvinut\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed. Tento trend se d\u00e1 pom\u011brn\u011b snadno vysv\u011btlit &#8211; nerozvinut\u00e9 zem\u011b nemaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 intenzivn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl ani slu\u017eby. Naopak zem\u011b s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm GDP na osobu maj\u00ed pr\u016fmysl a slu\u017eby rozvinut\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a \u010d\u00edm rozvinut\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dan\u00e1 zem\u011b je, t\u00edm v\u00edce lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee bude nap\u0159\u00edklad pou\u017e\u00edvat nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed technologie a m\u00edt vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost, pop\u0159. \u017ee velkou \u010d\u00e1st GDP tvo\u0159\u00ed slu\u017eby. Neplat\u00ed to v\u0161ak plo\u0161n\u011b a jedn\u00e1 se pouze o obecn\u00fd trend.<\/p>\n<p>Kliknut\u00edm na jednotliv\u00e9 kontinenty v legend\u011b m\u016f\u017eete aktivovat\/deaktivovat jejich zobrazen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><iframe style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\" src=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/carbon-emission-intensity-vs-gdp-per-capita\"><\/iframe><em>Emisn\u00ed intenzita CO<sub>2<\/sub> na GDP na osobu.<\/em><br \/>\n<span id=\"ch11\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Ostatn\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00e9 plyny<\/h2>\n<p>Sklen\u00edkov\u00e9 plyny zdaleka neznamenaj\u00ed pouze oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd (CO<sub>2<\/sub>). Pat\u0159\u00ed sem nap\u0159\u00edklad tak\u00e9 metan (CH<sub>4<\/sub>), oxid dusn\u00fd (N<sub>2<\/sub>O) nebo fluorid s\u00edrov\u00fd. S t\u00edm \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd z t\u011bchto plyn\u016f m\u00e1 odli\u0161n\u00fd potenci\u00e1l glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed (PGO, anglicky Global Warming Potential, GWP). Tento potenci\u00e1l je arbitr\u00e1rn\u00ed index vztahuj\u00edc\u00ed se k CO<sub>2<\/sub>. Laicky \u0159e\u010deno to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee CO<sub>2<\/sub> m\u00e1 PGO rovno 1. Ka\u017ed\u00fd sklen\u00edkov\u00fd plyn pak m\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00e9 PGO, kter\u00e9 zna\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1sobek potenci\u00e1lu zp\u016fsobovat glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s CO<sub>2<\/sub>. PGO se pak tak\u00e9 vztahuje k horizontu, za kter\u00fd srovn\u00e1n\u00ed hodnot\u00edme. Nap\u0159\u00edklad metan m\u00e1 v tomto sm\u011bru za stolet\u00e9 obdob\u00ed PGO p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 25, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee stejn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed metanu zp\u016fsobuje potenci\u00e1ln\u011b 25x vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edru oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s CO<sub>2<\/sub>.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed graf ukazuje v\u00fdvoj emis\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f. Hodnota je p\u0159epo\u010dtena na ekvivalent CO<sub>2<\/sub> (tCO<sub>2<\/sub>e) v tun\u00e1ch, tedy je br\u00e1n v potaz pr\u00e1v\u011b PGO a ve skute\u010dnosti je mno\u017estv\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed. Z tohoto grafu tedy m\u016f\u017eeme jasn\u011b vid\u011bt, \u017ee i po p\u0159epo\u010dten\u00ed je vliv CO<sub>2<\/sub> jednozna\u010dn\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a to p\u0159esto, \u017ee m\u00e1 ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed PGO ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed plyny, ale emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> jsou o tolik vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee rozd\u00edl nedorovnaj\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je vid\u011bt, \u017ee &#8222;n\u00e1skok&#8220; CO<sub>2<\/sub> je \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><iframe style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\" src=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/greenhouse-gas-emissions-by-gas?time=1960..2014\"><\/iframe><em>Emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f v CO<sub>2<\/sub> ekvivalentn\u00edch tun\u00e1ch (billion = miliarda). Oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd (carbon dioxide, CO<sub>2<\/sub>), metan (methane, CH<sub>4<\/sub>), oxid dusn\u00fd (nitrous oxide, N<sub>2<\/sub>O), \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b fluorovan\u00e9 uhlovod\u00edky (HFC gases), fluorid s\u00edrov\u00fd (SF<sub>6<\/sub>), \u00fapln\u011b fluorovan\u00e9 uhlovod\u00edky (PFC gases).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Co je zdrojem jednotliv\u00fdch sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f? Jak\u00e9 sektory jsou v\u00edce \u010di m\u00e9n\u011b zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9? Jak ukazuj\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed grafy, rozd\u011blen\u00e9 podle sektor\u016f m\u00edrn\u011b odli\u0161n\u011b od p\u0159edchoz\u00edch, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b CO<sub>2<\/sub> je to v\u00fdroba energie, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b metanu je hlavn\u00edm zdrojem zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b oxidu dusn\u00e9ho (N<sub>2<\/sub>O) dominuje rovn\u011b\u017e zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a sklen\u00edkov\u00e9 plyny jako celek jsou emitov\u00e1ny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pr\u00e1v\u011b z v\u00fdroby energie. V\u0161echny tyto grafy pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako m\u011brnou jednotku ekvivalent emis\u00ed CO<sub>2<\/sub> (CO<sub>2<\/sub>e).<\/p>\n<p><iframe style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\" src=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/global-carbon-dioxide-emissions-by-sector\"><\/iframe><em>Emise CO<sub>2<\/sub> podle sektoru (billion = miliarda). Energie (energy), zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u016fdy &amp; lesnictv\u00ed (agriculture, land use &amp; forestry), doprava (transport), reziden\u010dn\u00ed a komer\u010dn\u00ed sektor (residential and commercial), odpady (waste), ostatn\u00ed zdroje (other sources).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><iframe style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\" src=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/methane-emissions-by-sector-gg-coe\"><\/iframe><br \/>\n<em>Emise metanu podle sektoru (billion = miliarda). Zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed (agriculture), vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u016fdy (land use), energie (energy), doprava (transport), odpady (waste), reziden\u010dn\u00ed a komer\u010dn\u00ed sektor (residential and commercial), pr\u016fmysl (industry), mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed p\u0159eprava &#8211; leteck\u00e1, n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed (international bunkers), ostatn\u00ed zdroje (other sources).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><iframe style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\" src=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/nitrous-oxide-emissions-by-sector\"><\/iframe><em>Emise oxidu dusn\u00e9ho podle sektoru (billion = miliarda). Zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed (agriculture), vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u016fdy (land use), lesnictv\u00ed (forestry), energie (energy), pr\u016fmysl (industry), reziden\u010dn\u00ed a komer\u010dn\u00ed sektor (residential and commercial), odpady (waste), doprava (transport),\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed p\u0159eprava &#8211; leteck\u00e1, n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed (international bunkers), ostatn\u00ed zdroje (other sources).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><iframe style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\" src=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/greenhouse-gas-emissions-by-sector\"><\/iframe><em>Celkov\u00e9 emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f v ekvivalentn\u00edch tun\u00e1ch CO<sub>2<\/sub> (billion = miliarda). Energie (energy), zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed (agriculture), zdroje vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u016fdy (land use sources), lesnictv\u00ed (forestry), doprava (transport), reziden\u010dn\u00ed a komer\u010dn\u00ed sektor (residential &amp; commercial), pr\u016fmysl (industry), odpady (waste), ostatn\u00ed zdroje (other sources).<\/em><br \/>\n<span id=\"ch12\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Budouc\u00ed v\u00fdvoj<\/h2>\n<p>Budouc\u00ed v\u00fdvoj emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f zna\u010dn\u011b z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tom, jak\u00e1 budou p\u0159ijata a jak budou dodr\u017eov\u00e1na opat\u0159en\u00ed ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed t\u011bchto emis\u00ed. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed data jsou zalo\u017eena na nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch anal\u00fdz\u00e1ch v r\u00e1mci projektu <a href=\"https:\/\/climateactiontracker.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate Action Tracker<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong> &#8211; projektovan\u00e9 budouc\u00ed emise pokud nebudou p\u0159ijata \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed. To by v praxi znamenalo oteplen\u00ed o p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 4,1-4,8 \u00b0C do roku 2100 ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159edindustri\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00e9rou (v tuto chv\u00edli je teplota vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed o 1-1,2 \u00b0C).<\/li>\n<li><strong>sou\u010dasn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong> &#8211; projektov\u00e1no oteplen\u00ed o 3,1-3,7 \u00b0C do roku 2100 za p\u0159edpokladu dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed, bez dal\u0161\u00edch zm\u011bn.<\/li>\n<li><strong>n\u00e1rodn\u00ed z\u00e1vazky\u00a0<\/strong>&#8211; v\u0161echny zem\u011b dodr\u017e\u00ed z\u00e1vazek v r\u00e1mci Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 dohody. Oteplen\u00ed do roku 2100 dos\u00e1hne 2,2-2,6 \u00b0C nad r\u00e1mec p\u0159edindustri\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00e9ry.<\/li>\n<li><strong>oteplen\u00ed o 2 \u00b0C<\/strong> &#8211; aby se do roku 2100 poda\u0159ilo dos\u00e1hnout oteplen\u00ed o pouze 2\u00b0C (tedy u\u017e pouze p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 1 stupe\u0148 nad dne\u0161n\u00ed hodnotu) bylo by t\u0159eba v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch snah a p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>oteplen\u00ed o 1,5 \u00b0C<\/strong> &#8211; vy\u017eadovalo by velmi rychl\u00e1 a tvrd\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed ke sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Greenhouse-gas-emission-scenarios-01-1.png\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3339\" src=\"https:\/\/chmibrno.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Greenhouse-gas-emission-scenarios-01-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Greenhouse-gas-emission-scenarios-01-1.png 1500w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Greenhouse-gas-emission-scenarios-01-1-300x220.png 300w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Greenhouse-gas-emission-scenarios-01-1-768x563.png 768w, https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Greenhouse-gas-emission-scenarios-01-1-1024x751.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Celkov\u00e9 emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f (ekvivalentn\u00ed tuny CO<sub>2<\/sub>) v z\u00e1vislosti na r\u016fzn\u00fdch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u00edch. Bez opat\u0159en\u00ed (no climate policies), sou\u010dasn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed (current policies), dodr\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1vazk\u016f (pledges), cesty 2\u00b0C a 1,5 \u00b0C oteplen\u00ed do roku 2100 oproti p\u0159edindustri\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00e9\u0159e.<\/em><br \/>\n<span id=\"ch14\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Zdroje dat<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center<\/li>\n<li>T.A. Boden, G. Marland, and R.J. Andres. 2017. Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO2 Emission<\/li>\n<li>National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)<\/li>\n<li>Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Science and Services<\/li>\n<li>Climate Tracker<\/li>\n<li>World Resources Institute (WRI)<\/li>\n<li>Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Na t\u00e9to str\u00e1nce si p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme podrobn\u00e9 informace o emis\u00edch sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f\u00a0a dal\u0161\u00edch t\u00e9matech s t\u00edmto spojen\u00fdch prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u010d\u00edsel a graf\u016f. Pod\u00edv\u00e1me se na to, kter\u00fd region \u010di zem\u011b m\u00e1 emise nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, jak se tyto pod\u00edly a absolutn\u00ed emise vyv\u00edjely v historii a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edho. Autor: J\u00e1chym Brzezina Obsah 1. Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed teplota vzduchu 2. CO2 koncentrace [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3335,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"coauthors":[19],"class_list":["post-3329","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","entry","has-media"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/Pa1A1I-RH","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3329","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3329"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3329\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3418,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3329\/revisions\/3418"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3335"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3329"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enviblog.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=3329"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}